Comparisons of Acute Toxicity of Selected Chemicals to Rainbow Trout and Rats

Delistraty, Damon; Taylor, B. W.; Anderson, Ryan C.

doi:10.1006/eesa.1997.1626

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Aquatic organisms have developed adequate antioxidant mechanisms to protect their cellular components from oxidative damage (Livingstone, 2001). However, aquatic invertebrates and fish are generally more sensitive to exposure and toxicity than mammals (Delistraty et al, 1998). Thus, low concentrations of the pharmaceuticals present in WWTP effluents may be of concern to aquatic species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of individual and a mixture of pharmaceuticals and personal‐care products on cytotoxicity, EROD activity and ROS production in a rainbow trout gonadal cell line (RTG‐2)

Fernández¹,

Carbonell²,

Babín³

2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal-care products (PPCPs) in aquatic environments is of concern. Although measured concentrations of individual substances are low, little consideration has been given to the likely chronic nature of the exposures or to the potential for mixture effects. The purpose of the present study was to use the RTG-2 rainbow trout cell line to analyse sub-lethal and cytotoxic effects of PPCPs present in a wastewater-treatment-plant (WWTP) effluents and their mixtures. Interactions with cytochrome P450 1A enzyme, oxidative stress, cellular senescence and cell viability were assessed using 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), ß-galactosidase (ß-gal) and neutral red (NR) uptake assays, respectively. Not all of the compounds that were tested exhibited significant effects. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations and half maximal effective concentrations (EC50 ) were within the range 0.15 to 784.47 µg l(-1) . Clear dose-response curves were found for cells exposed to different mixtures of PPCPs. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations and concentrations causing EC50 were within the range 0.05 to 54.61 µg l(-1) . Four out the seven tested mixtures induced EROD activity. ROS production was detected in two mixtures. The ß-gal inhibition response was observed in six out the seven tested mixtures and occurred at a higher concentration than was observed for EROD induction activity or ROS generation. The present study clearly shows that the stress response through which cells mount a homeostatic response to toxicants can be potentially used for an initial, rapid and cost-effective assessment of the complex mixtures of PPCP that present in WWTP effluents are difficult and expensive to analyse chemically.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of individual and a mixture of pharmaceuticals and personal‐care products on cytotoxicity, EROD activity and ROS production in a rainbow trout gonadal cell line (RTG‐2)

Fernández¹,

Carbonell²,

Babín³

2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…Interspecies correlations between rats and trout were somewhat less consistent than corresponding intraspecies correlations, presumably related to taxonomic di!erences. Although interspecies correlations for acute toxicity were relatively high when exposure routes were matched (Hodson, 1985;Kaiser et al, 1994;Delistraty et al, 1998), the correlation for the dermal pathway was not statistically signi"cant, likely due to the conservative Bonferroni adjustment. In addition to a common exposure pathway, interspecies correlations for acute toxicity may be improved when derived from chemical groups with similar structure or mode of action (Kenaga, 1978), when expressed in appropriate units.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…As previously reported, variation in acute toxicity between rats and trout was reduced when exposure routes were matched (Delistraty et al, 1998). Extending this "nding, acute toxicity with rat inhalation and trout aquatic exposures may be associated, since air and water exposures correspond to each organism's respiratory medium (Hodson, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Acute Toxicity to Rats and Trout with a Focus on Inhalation and Aquatic Exposures

Delistraty

2000

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Kaiser et al [75] demonstrated significant relationships between data from the Microtox assay ( Vibrio fischeri bacterial bioluminescence) and rat and mouse LD50 values. Delistraty et al [76] also found significant relationships between trout LC50 and rat LD50 data. Inclusion of a hydrophobicity term to improve correlations in the latter study indicated that there are significant interspecies differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Quantitative structure‐activity relationships for human health effects: Commonalities with other endpoints

Cronin

Dearden

Walker

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-This article describes the use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) to predict toxicity endpoints for ecologically relevant and human-surrogate species. The interrelationships between the endpoints, and the possibilities of exploring the commonalities of chemical action from one species to another as well as from one endpoint to another, are evaluated. A number of toxic endpoints are discussed including mutagenicity and carcinogenicity; developmental toxicity (teratogenicity); acute toxicity; skin sensitization; skin, eye, and sensory irritation; and the modeling of membrane permeability. A number of electrophilic molecular substructures have been identified that are common to a number of toxicities. It is postulated that if such a substructure is observed in a molecule, it may exhibit a range of toxicities. Further, there appear to be relationships between the toxicity to ecologically relevant and human-surrogate species, which may allow for appreciation and possible extrapolation in both directions. Overall, however, QSARs are limited by the paucity of available toxicological data and information.

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Comparisons of Acute Toxicity of Selected Chemicals to Rainbow Trout and Rats

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of individual and a mixture of pharmaceuticals and personal‐care products on cytotoxicity, EROD activity and ROS production in a rainbow trout gonadal cell line (RTG‐2)

Effects of individual and a mixture of pharmaceuticals and personal‐care products on cytotoxicity, EROD activity and ROS production in a rainbow trout gonadal cell line (RTG‐2)

Acute Toxicity to Rats and Trout with a Focus on Inhalation and Aquatic Exposures

Quantitative structure‐activity relationships for human health effects: Commonalities with other endpoints

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