Comparisons of Noninvasive Bone Mineral Measurements in Assessing Age-Related Loss, Fracture Discrimination, and Diagnostic Classification

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the commonly available methods of noninvasively assessing bone mineral status across three defined female populations to examine their interrelationships, compare their respective abilities to reflect age-and menopause-related bone loss, discriminate osteoporotic fractures, and classify patients diagnostically. A total of 47 healthy premenopausal (age 33 ؎ 7 years), 41 healthy postmenopausal (age 64 ؎ 9 years), and 36 osteoporotic postmenopausal (age 70 ؎ 6 years) women were examined with the following techniques: (1) . Despite these performance trends, the differences among sites and techniques were statistically insignificant ( p > 0.05) using age-adjusted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Nevertheless, kappa score analysis (using ؊2.0 T score as the cut-off value for osteopenia and ؊2.5 T score for osteoporosis) showed that in general the diagnostic agreement among these measurements in classifying women as osteopenic or osteoporotic was poor, with kappa scores averaging about 0.4 (exceptions were QCT TRAB/ INTG BMD, DXA LAT BMD, and RA PHAL BMD, with kappa scores ranging from 0.63 to 0.89). Often different patients were estimated at risk by using different measurement sites or techniques. (J Bone Miner Res 1997;12:697-711)

Application of quantitative computed tomography for assessment of trabecular bone mineral density, microarchitecture and mechanical property

“…The association and agreement between the QCT lumbar and the DXA lumbar or hip assessment had been reported previously [22,[86][87][88]. Most studies demonstrated a moderate or good association (rb0.75) and a fair to moderate agreement (Kappa value b 0.6) in detecting bone status between the hip or lumbar DXA and lumbar QCT [22,86,87].…”

“…Nonetheless, the standard of osteoporosis based on T score by DXA was used in most QCT studies [19][20][21][22]. The American College of Radiology (ACR) has published guidelines for the performance of QCT in lumbar spine in 2008 and amended in 2014.…”

“…Most studies demonstrated a moderate or good association (rb0.75) and a fair to moderate agreement (Kappa value b 0.6) in detecting bone status between the hip or lumbar DXA and lumbar QCT [22,86,87]. Studies indicated that the QCT had a higher ability to detect osteoporosis than DXA [22,86,87].…”

“…The bone annual loss rate is variable with the study populations and methods used. A large number of the comparison studies were completed between the DXA and QCT in the annual change rate of bone density [22,87,88,91]. Those rates can be assessed by using longitudinal or cross sectional studies.…”

Bone Density Distribution Patterns in the Rostrum of Delphinids and Beaked Whales: Evidence of Family‐Specific Evolutive Traits

“…All these latter techniques provide bone density in a volume (g/cm 3 ), whereas DXA measures density in an area (g/cm 2 ), so the two types of data are hardly comparable. Nevertheless, a high correlation has been found between planar BMD and volumetric density values obtained with Archimede's principle, in rodents (Keenan et al, 1997) and bovines (Toyras et al, 1999), as well as between BMD and X-ray CT values in human beings (Grampp et al, 1997).…”