Compartmental shifts of calcium and magnesium as a result of swimming and swimming training in rats

Abstract

To describe accurately the mineral changes (Ca and Mg) provoked by swimming, the aims of this study were to analyze those tissues that, with regard to their mineral content, can better classify individuals performing both swimming until exhaustion and swimming as training and to know the shifts of these minerals between different tissues after a single session of swimming until exhaustion and after training. Wistar rats were distributed into 12 groups, six male and six female (N = 10): 1) control rest group (CR); 2) trained rest group (TR); 3) control exercise group (CE); 4) trained exercise group (TE); 5) control recovery group (CER) and 6) trained recovery group (TER). The most informative tissues of Ca and Mg compartmental shifts during exercise have been determined. Discriminant analysis selected heart Ca, muscle Ca and bone Ca, bone Mg, erythrocyte Mg, and serum Mg as the most significant variables. The animals were classified by means of two canonical axes: the first one relates to training situation and sex, and the second one shows the special characteristics of trained male rats. Another independent discriminant analysis applied to male and female groups separately showed that the first canonical axis (control/trained) is basically defined by heart Ca, bone Ca, and erythrocyte Mg (male), and by heart Ca, bone Ca, and bone Mg (female), while the second axis, related to the exercise situations, is defined by the serum Mg levels in both sexes. We think that discriminant analysis is a statistical method capable of explaining physiological processes and classifying individuals performing exercises of different length. It suggests that the homeostasis of Ca and Mg is somewhat different for males and females. Serum magnesium must be considered to distinguish exercise situations. The analysis of these tissues could inform us about the mineral status of the rats and then we could correct possible deficiencies in our research. In this work we have only found different mineral redistributions among tissues. The trained animals have a better mineral recovery capacity than the untrained ones. Training has a different physiological repercussion in male and female rats on the basis of their respective maximal swimming times after training and their mineral behavior.

Impact of Magnesium Supplementation in Muscle Damage of Professional Cyclists Competing in a Stage Race

“…A muscle biopsy together with an overloading protocol could be a more realistic approach to analyze Mg redistribution between body compartments, but these invasive protocols cannot be performed during such a demanding race as “Vuelta a España”. Therefore, serum Mg determination is not sufficient to paint a full picture of redistribution of Mg from one storage area (release) to an active site (muscle or adipose tissue), as previously documented [1,11,23,26,27,28]. Also, we have to consider the losses through sweat and urine, which are estimated at 10–20% [3].…”

Effect of Training on Zinc Metabolism: Changes in Serum and Sweat Zinc Concentrations in Sportsmen

“…In this sense, we have recently observed that Ca and Mg undergo compartmental redistribution in rats after acute and maintained exercise. These changes allow to classify individuals on the basis of their tissue mineral content [33].…”

Effects of Pulse Current on Endurance Exercise and Its Anti-Fatigue Properties in the Hepatic Tissue of Trained Rats

“…The swimming exercise performance test was used as previously described with some modifications [11]. A rat was taken out from each treatment group for swimming exercise and loaded to a constant weight corresponding to 5% of the individual body weight.…”