“…Thinning, or 'partial cutting' on formerly clear-cut lands ideally takes place once the crowns of the regenerating stand make contact with adjacent crowns which takes place at 10 to 15 years of stand age in Southeastern Alaska. Thinning has increased management options for desired forest characteristics (Alaback, 2010;Barbour et al, 2005;McClellan et al, 2000;Peterson and Monserud, 2002) by simulating old-growth structural diversity and increase species diversity among understory plants (Deal, 1999(Deal, , 2001Deal et al, 2003;Hanley, 2005;Zaborske et al, 2002), which can result in increases of small mammals (Hanley, 1996;Hanley and Barnard, 1999a,b) and other species (see review in Deal, 2007). The increased understory has been seen to increase the abundance of wildlife such as black-tailed deer (Wallmo and Schoen, 1980;Schoen et al, 1988), and can improve access for recreation, gathering of non-timber forest products and hunting.…”