Compatibility of materials for use in liquid-metal blankets of fusion reactors

Abstract

The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of ihe U. S. Government under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38-Accordingly, the U. S Government retains • nonexclusive, royalty-lree license to publish or reproduce the published form of thii contribution, or allow otheri to do to. tor U. S. Government purposei.

Morphological and compositional features of corrosion behavior of SUS410–SUS410, SUS316–SUS316 and SUS410–SUS316 TIG welded joints in Li

“…It is difficult to elucidate the corrosion resistance of the regions of WJ with the same composition but different grain size based on the results presented in this work. In fact, no significant compositional differences induced by corrosion in BM, HAZ and WM possessed by the different grain size but the same phase state (ferritic or austenitic) were observed: corrosion interaction, in general, consisted in the dissolution of Cr and Ni (in the case of austenitic structure) from the near-surface layers, that is in a good accordance with the literature data [1][2][3][4][5][6]. It is reasonable to expect that this structure effect will be more pronounced for longer exposures.…”

“…The corrosion intensifies with increase in temperature and temperature gradient along the cooling system, contamination of Li with non-metallic impurities (mainly with N), system heterogeneity (dissimilar-metal mass transfer), etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6]. As a result, in the case of austenitic steels for instance, the severe dissolution of Ni causes the phase transformation from austenite to ferrite in the layers corroded.…”

“…The corrosion behavior of conventional austenitic and ferritic/martensitic steels in liquid Li as a function of melt parameters (temperature, purity, flow rate etc.) has been widely studied and reported in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6]. It is known that the main corrosion mechanism consists in the selective dissolution of steels components (Ni, Cr, Fe) from the near-surface layers of steels accompanied by the penetration of Li into solid substrate.…”

IFMIF lithium loop activation and associated operator dose rates

“…This value was taken as the corrosion rate for the purposes of the present study, although data in Ref. [5] reveal experimental values of SS316 corrosion in flowing lithium as high as 100 m/year. However, the time exponent suggested by the latter reference is the one we have employed.…”

Molecular dynamics study on diffusion behavior of Li in α-Fe

“…The major compatibility concerns include corrosion, mass transfer and degradation of the mechanical properties of the containment materials. As for stainless steels, which are the main structural materials of many serving fusion testing facilities [6,7], experimental observations show that the corrosion process is accompanied by the penetration of lithium into both the grain boundaries [8] and bulk materials [9], the dissolution of alloying elements into liquid lithium and mass transfer due to temperature and concentration gradients [10]. The loss of alloying elements results in the formation of a porous layer and even phase transformation [11][12][13].…”