Compatibilization in bio-based and biodegradable polymer blends

Imre, Balázs; Pukánszky, Béla

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.01.019

Cited by 508 publications

(320 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…To toughen PLA, a number of methods such as melt blending, plasticization, copolymerization and incorporation of impact modifiers have been applied [6,7]. Melt blending with ductile polymers is an effective and low cost way to enhance the toughness of PLA [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melt blending with ductile polymers is an effective and low cost way to enhance the toughness of PLA [7]. It is a process of physical blending in the melt to mix different polymers without chemical reactions taking place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important factor that determines the success of melt blending of two polymers is their mutual miscibility. In the case of melt blending of two bio-degradable polyesters, there would be expected to be attractions between polar groups leading to stronger interactions and hence some miscibility [7,11]. Liu et al [12] have reported that the solubility parameters, δ, of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and PBAT are 19.70 and 19.83 J 0.5 /cm 1.5 respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimising Ductility of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) Blends Through Co-continuous Phase Morphology

et al. 2018

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This paper examines the effect of the melt viscosities of the two component polymers on the morphology and mechanical properties of a series of biodegradable polymer blends. Melt blended compounds of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are prepared and their melt viscosities, thermal properties, crystallinity, mechanical properties and phase morphology are investigated. From the relative melt viscosities of PLA and PBAT in the processing regime used in the study, it is possible to calculate the volume fraction at which a co-continuous phase structure is formed. The predicted value is 19 wt% of PBAT and this value is verified by the results of mechanical properties, where results for elongation-to-break show a dramatic rise from around 10% up to 300% in the composition range between 10 and 20 wt% of PBAT. The co-continuous phase structure is also validated by scanning electron microscopy. Graphical AbstractKeywords Poly(lactic acid) · Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) · Co-continuous phase · Biodegradable · Blends

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimising Ductility of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) Blends Through Co-continuous Phase Morphology

et al. 2018

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“…Starches are considered as one of the most promising biopolymers due to their biodegradability, renewability, abundant availability and low cost (Imre and Pukánszky 2015;Jiménez et al 2012;Peelman et al 2013;Zhang et al 2014). They are counted as the main carbohydrate resources found in cereal and tuber plants, such as corn and cassava, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of plasticizer type and concentration on physical properties of biodegradable films based on sugar palm (arenga pinnata) starch for food packaging

et al. 2015

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In this study, sugar palm starch (SPS) films were developed using glycerol (G), sorbitol (S) or their combination (GS) as plasticizers at the ratio of 15, 30 and 45 (wt)% using casting technique. The addition of plasticizers to SPS film-forming solutions helped to overcome the brittle and fragile nature of unplasticized SPS films. Increased plasticizer concentration resulted to an increase in film thickness, moisture content and solubility. On the contrary, density and water absorption of plasticized films decreased with increasing plasticizer concentration. Raising the plasticizer content from 15 to 45 % showed less effect on the moisture content and water absorption of S-plasticized films. Films containing glycerol and glycerol-sorbitol plasticizer (G, and GS) demonstrated higher moisture content, solubility and water absorption capacity compared to S-plasticized films. The results obtained in this study showed that plasticizer type and concentration significantly improves film properties and enhances their suitability for food packaging applications.

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“…It has been noted that directly blending PLLA with most flexible or elastic polymers usually leads to low-performance blends, due to the macro-phase-separated morphology and weak interfacial adhesion arising from the immiscibility between the blending components [17]. Therefore, specific compatibilization is required to fine-tune the morphology and enhance the interfacial adhesion between PLLA and the blending partners [17,18]. Dynamic vulcanization, involving selective crosslinking of rubber polymer during melt blending with a thermoplastic polymer, has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique to control the morphology, enhance interfacial adhesion, and improve the final properties of PLLA blends with elastic polymers [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully bio-based, highly toughened and heat-resistant poly(L-lactide) ternary blends via dynamic vulcanization with poly(D-lactide) and unsaturated bioelastomer

Zeng

et al. 2017

Sci. China Mater.

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Inherent brittleness and low heat resistance are the two major obstacles that hinder the wide applications of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). In this study, we report a fully biobased, highly toughened and heat-resistant PLLA ternary blend, which was prepared by dynamic vulcanization of PLLA with poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) and an unsaturated bioelastomer (UBE). The results indicated that during dynamic vulcanization PDLA cocrystallized with PLLA to form stereocomplex (SC) crystallites, which not only enhanced the molecular entanglement but also accelerated the crystallization rate of PLLA matrix. With increase in the content of PDLA, the matrix molecular entanglement increased while phase-separation was enhanced, which enabled the impact strength to increase first and then decrease. The ternary blends containing 10 wt.% PDLA showed the highest impact strength. The presence of SC crystallites makes it possible to achieve a fully sustainable PLLA/VUB/PDLA ternary blend with highly crystalline matrix under conventional injection molding, due to the high nucleation efficiency of SC towards crystallization of PLLA. The highly crystalline ternary blend showed excellent heat resistance and better impact toughness than high impact polystyrene.

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Compatibilization in bio-based and biodegradable polymer blends

Cited by 508 publications

References 149 publications

Optimising Ductility of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) Blends Through Co-continuous Phase Morphology

Optimising Ductility of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) Blends Through Co-continuous Phase Morphology

Effect of plasticizer type and concentration on physical properties of biodegradable films based on sugar palm (arenga pinnata) starch for food packaging

Fully bio-based, highly toughened and heat-resistant poly(L-lactide) ternary blends via dynamic vulcanization with poly(D-lactide) and unsaturated bioelastomer

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