Compatibilization of polyamide 6/poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) blends by poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)

Guo, Zhenghong; Shen, Yu; Fang, Zhengping

doi:10.1515/polyeng-2013-0163

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Interestingly, the partial recovery of both values is evident for higher amounts of SMA high . These results agree with the findings of [34,35], where a similar behavior of SMA with 8 wt% MA concentration was observed for PA6/PPE. It is confirmed that SMA low reveals saturation content between 5 and 10 wt% where no further improvement of tensile properties is reported.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…On the other hand, a physical affinity, particularly chain entanglements of the PPE and the compatibilizer backbone, are observed [28][29][30][31]. Amongst copolymer-type compatibilizers, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA) is the most commonly used for PA6/PPE blends [32][33][34][35]. Low-priced monomers and facile synthesis via radical polymerization enable a broad commercial availability of SMA, having different MA concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of Styrene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Concentration and Copolymer Content

2020

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Polyamide 66 (PA66)/poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) blends with a ratio of 50/50 (w/w) were produced by a twin-screw compounder. The immiscible blends were compatibilized using two different styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA) with a low (SMAlow) and a high (SMAhigh) maleic anhydride (MA) concentration of 8 and 25 wt%, respectively. Furthermore, the SMA content was varied from 0 to 10 wt%. The influence of MA concentration and SMA content on the morphological and thermomechanical properties of PA66/PPE blends was investigated. Herein, we established correlations between the interfacial activity of the SMA with blend morphology and corresponding tensile properties. A droplet-sea to co-continuous morphology transition was shown by scanning electron microscopy to occur between 1.25 and 5 wt% in the case of SMAhigh. For SMAlow, the transition started from 7.5 wt% and was still ongoing at 10 wt%. It was found that SMAlow with 10 wt% content enhanced the tensile strength (10%) and elongation at break (70%) of PA66/PPE blends. This improvement can be explained by the strong interfacial interaction of SMAlow within the blend system, which features the formation of nanoemulsion morphology, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. Very small interdomain distances hinder matrix deformations, which forces debonding and cohesive failure of the PPE phase as a “weaker” main deformation mechanism. Due to a lack of interfacial activity, the mechanical properties of the blends with SMAhigh were not improved.

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Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Styrene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Concentration and Copolymer Content

2020

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“…On one hand, the MA group of the PP- g -MA could react with the amine end group of PA and form a copolymer. 24 On the other hand, the anhydride MA group on the polyolefins can react with the hydroxyl group of EVOH, leading to an increase in the viscosity of EVOH caused by gelation (as demonstrated in Section 2.4). 25 Further, the degradation of the nanoclay surfactant produces α-olefins that can also react with hydrogen atoms available in the system, accelerating the cross-linking reactions.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Thermal Degradation-Induced Gel Formation in Polyamide 6/Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Blend Nanocomposites Studied by Time-Resolved Rheology and Hyphenated Thermogravimetric Analyzer Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Mass Spectroscopy: Synergistic Role of Nanoparticles and Maleic-anhydride-Grafted Polypropylene

2019

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In this study, polyamide 6 (PA) is blended with ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) to yield packaging materials with a balance of mechanical and gas barrier properties. However, the formation of gel-like structures in both polymers because of thermal degradation at high temperatures leads to a processing challenge, particularly during thin-gauge film extrusion. To address this challenge, nanoclays are introduced either directly or via a masterbatch of maleic-anhydride-grafted polypropylene to the PA/EVOH blend and time-resolved rheometry is used to study the effect of different modes of nanoclay incorporation on the kinetics of thermo-oxidative degradation of PA/EVOH blend and its nanocomposites. Time-resolved rheometry measurements allow the acquisition of accurate frequency-dependent linear viscoelastic behavior and offer insights into the rate of degradation or gel formation kinetics and cross-link density. The thermal degradation was studied by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, allowing the prediction of the possible reactions that take place during the rheological property measurements. The results show that when nanoclays are incorporated directly, the oxidative reactions occur faster. In contrast, in the masterbatch method, oxidative degradation is hindered. The difference in the behaviors is shown to lie in the different nanoclay distributions in the blends; in the blends prepared by the masterbatch method, the nanoclays are dispersed at the interface. In conclusion, the masterbatch-containing blend nanocomposite would benefit processing and product development.

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“…On the other side, moieties of the copolymer undergo covalent bonding to the PA, either linking to the carboxylic or amino end-groups [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) is one of the physicochemical compatibilizers recently applied for PA/PPE blends to strengthen the interfacial interaction, morphology and mechanical performance [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. A broad variation of different maleic anhydride (MA) concentrations allow for the tuning of interactions of the SMA with the blend partners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Compatibilizer Content

2020

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Two different blend ratios of polyamide 66 (PA66) and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) (60/40 and 40/60 w/w) were produced via melt mixing. A styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) was utilized at various contents from 2.5–15 wt% to compatibilize the immiscible blend system. The influence of SMA content and blend ratio was investigated based on (thermo-) mechanical and morphological properties of the PA66/PPE blends. Correlations between the interaction of SMA with the blend partners were established. For 60/40 blends, a droplet-sea morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy, wherein no major changes were seen upon SMA addition. In the case of 40/60 blends, strong coalescence was found in the binary blend. Up to 5 wt% SMA, the coalescence was inhibited by the interfacial activity of SMA, whereas 10 wt% SMA initiated a disperse-to-co-continuous transition, which was completed at 15 wt% SMA. An enhancement of tensile properties was achieved for all blends possessing SMA, where the maximum concentration of 15 wt% resulted in the highest elongation at break and tensile strength values. The relative improvement of the tensile properties was higher with the PPE-rich blend (40/60) which was attributed to a partial emulsification of the PPE phases forming a bimodal PPE domain size distribution with nano-droplets in the range of 60–160 nm.

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Compatibilization of polyamide 6/poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) blends by poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Properties of Styrene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Concentration and Copolymer Content

Properties of Styrene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Concentration and Copolymer Content

Properties of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Compatibilizer Content

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