Compensation of time-delay for control of civil engineering structures

Abstract

SUMMARYTime-delay is an important issue in structural control. Applications of unsynchronized control forces due to time-delay may result in a degradation of the control performance and it may even render the controlled structures to be unstable. In this paper, a state-of-the-art review for available methods of time-delay compensation is presented. Then, "ve methods for the compensation of "xed time-delay are presented and investigated for active control of civil engineering structures. These include the recursive response method, state-augmented compensation method, controllability based stabilization method, the Smith predictor method and the Pade approximation method, all are applicable to any control algorithm to be used for controlled design. Numerical simulations have been conducted for MDOF building models equipped with an active control system to demonstrate the stability and control performance of these time-delay compensation methods. Finally, the stability and performance of the phase shift method, that is well-known in civil engineering applications, have also been critically evaluated through numerical simulations.

Emulator-based control for actuator-based hardware-in-the-loop testing

“…One of the most commonly considered examples of a noninvertible transfer system is that of a pure time delay. A number of approaches have been suggested to compensate for a pure delay including polynomial extrapolation (Darby et al, 2002;Horiuchi & Konno, 2001;Wallace et al, 2005a,b), adaptive forward prediction (Darby et al, 2002;Wallace et al, 2005b,b) and Smith's predictor (Agrawal & Yang, 2000;McGreevy et al, 1998;Reinhorn et al, 2004).…”

“…Although the technique was developed in the process industry to overcome problems in controlling timedelay systems, it has been suggested (Agrawal & Yang, 2000;McGreevy et al, 1998;Reinhorn et al, 2004) as method of overcoming time delay in transfer systems. Unfortunately, Smith's predictor has serious limitations for AbHWiL/RTDS.…”

Active Vibration Control of Container Cranes against Earthquake by the Use of Delay-Dependent H∞ Controller under Consideration of Actuator Saturation

“…Agarwal and Yang [18] propose a compensator to decrease specified delay for control of civil engineering structures. However, their compensation technique does not guarantee performance and stability for systems having long time-delays.…”

Evolutionary control of structurally damaged steel buildings using an optimal state transition formulation

“…The algorithm was tested using various magnitudes of time delay and various control gains. The results showed that the algorithm was effective in controlling the response of various inelastic structures, but decreased in efficiency with increased time delay due to the control force being applied out of phase with the structural displacement [Agrawal and Yang 2000].…”