spp. has found itself at the centre of controversy. On the one hand, Ulva possesses high nutrient value, is rich in omega-3 (n3) fatty acids (McCauley et al., 2016), rare cell-wall polysaccharide and can be used as a natural source of dietary fibre (Bolton et al., 2016), animal feeds (Mata et al., 2016) and bioindicator of trace element contamination (Bonanno et al., 2020), as well as used for wastewater treatment (Henriques et al., 2019). On the contrary, Ulva spp. are the dominant species in green macroalgal blooms (Liu et al., 2013). The papers about the effects of one, two or multiple environmental factors on the growth, metabolism and reproduction in Ulva spp. have