Compensatory Hypertrophy of Testicle in Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Laron, Zvi; Zilka, Ezeckiel

doi:10.1210/jcem-29-11-1409

Cited by 72 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Unilateral cryptorchidism results in a compensatory increase in the size of the scrotal testis of men (Laron & Zilka, 1969), rams (Blackshaw & Samisoni, 1967) and rats (Clegg, 1961). This was also demonstrated for the opossums in the present study, even after only 35 days.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Response to cryptorchidism of the testis and epididymis of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

Scott¹,

Fritz²,

Nagy³

1979

Reproduction

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Response to cryptorchidism of the testis and epididymis of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

Scott¹,

Fritz²,

Nagy³

1979

Reproduction

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“…Results from this laboratory (1) indicate that plasma FSH is elevated in infancy in patients with gonadal dysgenesis, but plasma LH concentrations do not reach castrate levels until after 11 yr of age. Further, Laron and Zilka (2) noted that "compensatory hypertrophy" occurs in descended testes of prepubertal males with unilateral cryptorchidism. These observations, in light of the current data, strongly support the concept that the gonads regulate the secretion of gonadotropins in the prepubertal human and that the lrepubertal "gonadostat" is highly sensitive to the negative feedback effects of sex steroids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both subjects treated with estradiol benzoate, plasma FSH promptly decreased after the first injection. Urinary FSH was suppressed to < 0.1 IU/day on day 2 …”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Suppression of Urinary and Plasma Follicle-Stimulating Hormone by Exogenous Estrogens in Prepubertal and Pubertal Children

Kelch¹,

Kaplan²,

Grumbach³

1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Clomiphene citrate, an "anti-estrogen" with mild estrogenic properties, inhibits rather than stimulates gonadotropin excretion in prepubertal and early pubertal children. These and other data suggest that the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary "gonadostat" decreases at the onset of puberty. To test this hypothesis further, the daily excretion of urinary folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was determined in 19 children (5 "short normals" and 14 with isolated human growth hormone (HGH) deficiency) who were given ethinyl estradiol (EE) 1.4-14.7 Ag/m2 per day (2-10 Ag/day) for 4 to 7 days. In addition, plasma and urinary gonadotropins and plasma estrogens were serially determined in two prepubertal females( with isolated HGH deficiency) given two injections (24 h apart) of estradiol benzoate, 10 isg/kg.FSH and LH concentrations in plasma and kaolin-acetone urinary concentrates and plasma 173-estradiol (E2) and estrone (El) were measured by radioimmunoassays. 2-3 Ag/m2 per day of EE significantly suppressed urinary FSH (and LH when detected in the control period) in two out of six prepubertal children, while all doses > 5 ,ug/m2 per day suppressed urinary gonadotropins to undetectable levels in eight prepubertal subjects. In early to midpubertal subjects, 2-10 Ag/m2 per day of EE produced a slight suppression of urinary FSH, but failed to suppress to undetectable levels. gonadotropins remained suppressed for the duration of the study (3 days). Plasma E2 and Ei rose from prepubertal values to peak concentrations of 150 to 250 pg/ml (E2), and 50 and 100 pg/ml (Ei) at approximately 36 h. We conclude that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is operative in the prepubertal child and that the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary center(s) which control the secretion of FSH and LH decreases at the onset of puberty in man. INTRODUCTIONMounting evidence suggests that the gonads in the prepubertal human being are not quiescent and, in fact, play a significant role in regulating the release of gonadotropins (1-4). Previous reports from this laboratory (5, 6) demonstrated that clomiphene citrate, an "anti-estrogen" with mild estrogenic properties, suppresses the excretion of urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in prepubertal children. As little as 1 mg/m2 per day of oral clomiphene citrate decreases

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“…Contralateral testicular hypertrophy phenomenon in M in humans was initially proposed and proven by Laron and Zilka (14). They reported a significant increase in mean prepubertal testis volume in patients with M (3.75 mL) compared to that in normal population (1.64 mL) with the aid of orchidometer and caliber (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…They reported a significant increase in mean prepubertal testis volume in patients with M (3.75 mL) compared to that in normal population (1.64 mL) with the aid of orchidometer and caliber (14). This significant difference in size remained up to age (14,15,16). However, a testicular hypertrophy is not always a must in all patients with atrophic contralateral testis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Significance of the Contralateral Testis Size Measurement with Ultrasonography in Predicting Monorchism in Boys with Nonpalpable Testicles

Sekerci¹,

Tanıdır²,

Şener³

et al. 2017

jus

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the significance of contralateral testis size in predicting monorchism in pediatric patients with unilateral undescended testis. Materials and Methods:The data of patients who underwent surgical operation by a single pediatric urologist for undescended testis between 2013 and 2016 was evaluated retrospectively. The patients were grouped as having monorchism (M), nonpalpable intra-abdominal testis (NPIAT), and palpable undescended testis (PUDT). The dimensions of the testes were measured ultrasonographically and recorded before operation. Patients with nonpalpable testis underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and patients with PUDT underwent inguinal orchiopexy. Results: A total of 57 children with a mean age of 31 (11-60) months were evaluated. Of the children, 12 had M, 9 had NPIAT and 36 had PUDT with a similar mean age (p>0.05). The size of the descended testis was found to be significantly small in NPIAT* and PUDT** groups compared to the M group (*p<0.05, **p<0.001). However, the size of the undescended and descended testes was found to be similar between NPIAT and PUDT groups (p>0.05). Conclusion:The size of the testis in the scrotum might help to localize the position of the undescended testis. Keywords: Monorchism, nonpalpable intra-abdominal testis, palpable undescended testis, testis, ultrasonography What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Previous studies have proven the relationship between testicular hypertrophy and undescended testis. However, these evaluations are done with a caliber and/or orchidometer, which are not quite accurate, compared to testicular ultrasonography. The present study investigated the utility of testicular ultrasonography and shown specificity and sensitivity levels of different contralateral testis diameter in predicting monorchism. Of all diameters, a contralateral testis greater than 20 mm can predict monorchism with an accuracy of 80% sensitivity and 83% specificity. ÖzAmaç: Çalışmanın amacı tek taraflı inmemiş testisi olan çocuk hastalarda monoorşidizmin öngörüsünde kontralateral testis boyutunun öneminin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2013 ve 2016 yılları arasında kliniğimizde tek cerrah tarafından ameliyat edilen inmemiş testisi olan çocuk hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Çocuklar monoorşidizm (M), intraabdominal palpe edilemeyen testis (İAPET) ve palpe edilebilen inmemiş testis (PEİT) olarak gruplandırıldı. Uygulanan cerrahi yöntem öncesinde testis boyutları ultrasonografik olarak ölçüldü ve kaydedildi. Palpe edilemeyen testisi olan çocuklara tanısal laparoskopi, PEİT'si olan çocuklara inguinal orşiopeksi operasyonları uygulandı.

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Compensatory Hypertrophy of Testicle in Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Cited by 72 publications

References 4 publications

Response to cryptorchidism of the testis and epididymis of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

Response to cryptorchidism of the testis and epididymis of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

Suppression of Urinary and Plasma Follicle-Stimulating Hormone by Exogenous Estrogens in Prepubertal and Pubertal Children

The Significance of the Contralateral Testis Size Measurement with Ultrasonography in Predicting Monorchism in Boys with Nonpalpable Testicles

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