Competence-based learning (CBL) is an appropriate approach to systematically develop dwindling human resources. The close interrelation between the knowledge and competence concepts suggests the conjoint development of knowledge management (KM) and CBL. We specifically focus on the question of how KM can support CBL processes. This article describes the potential synergies, as well as KM instruments that can facilitate the implementation of CBL. In conclusion, we introduce our current research projects and propose a research agenda that address the raised research question.