Competition between Irrigated Field Beans and Annual Weeds

Dawson, J. H.

doi:10.2307/4040730

Cited by 69 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…One of the most important developments of recent years in the study of crop-weed interactions has heen the determination of the period during which damaging interspecific competition, as measured by crop yield reduction, takes place (Nieto, 1959;Nieto, Brondo & Gonzalez, 1968). The length of the critical period, during which weed competition must be absent to avoid crop loss, varies with the crop grown, the weeds present and other factors (Burnside & Wicks, 1969;Dawson, 1964;Hewson & Roberts, 1971). The determination of the length and occurrence of this period is of great practical importance, for if weed control measures precede it then an increase in crop yield can be looked for, but if applied after, then the prime advantage of weed control is lost, though there may remain other benefits such as ease of crop harvest or reduction in seeding by the weed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The time of the onset of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and spring cereal

Chancellor

Peters

1974

Weed Research

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Seven field experiments in spring wheat and barley with natural infestations ot A. fatua were set up to investigate the effects on grain yield of removing the weeds by hand at intervals during early growth stages. Only three sites showed any significant yield reductions and these all had populations of wild oats of 150 stems or more per m2 at harvest. No significant yield reductions occurred at lesser densities (20–100/m2). At the three higher‐density sites, competitive effects did not start until the crop had four leaves, about 4–5 weeks after it had emerged. A further experiment in a glasshouse designed to test if competition occurred prior to the emergence of crop and weed indicated no effect at all during this period. Lépoque du déclenchement de la compétition entre la folle avoine (Avena fatua L.) et les céréales de printemps Sept essais ensemencés en blé de printemps et en orge on t été implantés dans des champs présentant des infestations naturelles d'Avena fatua, en vue dévaluer les effets, sur le rendement en grain, de l'extirpation des mauvaises herbes à la main, à des intervalles réguliers durant les premiers stades de la croissance. Trois essais seulement on t accusé des réductions significa‐tives des rendements et ceux‐ci avaient tous des populations de folle avoine de 150 pieds ou plus au m2 à la récolte. II n'y a pas eu de réductions significatives de rendement pour des densités inférieures (de 20 à 100/m2). Dans les trois essais à densitéélevée, les effets compétitifs ne commencérent pas avant que la plante cultivée ait atteint le stade 4 feuilles, 4 à 5 semaines environ aprés sa Ievée. Une expérience ulté‐rieure en serre réalisée pour rechercher si la compétition se produit avant la levée de la plante cultivée et de la mauvaise herbe n'a montré aucun effet durant cette pédode. Der Zeitpunkt des Beginns einer Konkurrenz zwischen Flughafer (Avena fatua L.) und Sommergetreide Es wurden sieben Feldversuche mit Sommerweizen und‐gerste mit einer natürlichen Verseuchung von A. fatua angelegt, um den Einfluss einer Beseitigung der Unkräuter von Hand zu verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien auf den Kornertrag zu messen. Nur bei drei Versuchen waren ge‐sicherte Ertragsrückgänge festzustellen; die Flughaferdichte betrug in diesen Fällen zum Erntezeitpunkt 150 oder mehr Halme je m2. Bei geringeren Dichten (20–100/m2) waren keine gesichterten Ertragsminderungen feststellbar. In den drei Versuchen mit den höheren Dichten setzte die Konkurrenz nicht ein bevor das Getreide im 4‐Blattstadium war; das waren etwa 4–5 Wochen nach dem Aufiaufen. Es wurde ein weiterer Versuch im Gewächshaus angelegt, um festzustellen, ob die Konkurrenz vor dem Auflaufen des Ge‐treides und des Unkrauts eintrat. Während dieser Periode war kein Einfluss festzustellen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The time of the onset of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and spring cereal

Chancellor

Peters

1974

Weed Research

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“…These results prove that spraying herbicides at early growth stages reduces weeds infestation and improves crops growth and yield. Other researchers reported that red bean yield would reduce if weed control do not take place before the 5-7 weeks after planting [19][20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Herbicide Doses and Application Times in Weed Suppression on Different Red Bean Varieties

2014

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different application times and doses of bentazon on weeds growth in different red bean (Phaseolus calcaratus) cultivars. Three factors were studied in split factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was red bean cultivar (Naz and Derakhshan), the sub factor was time of herbicide application (one sprayed at the third trifoliate stage and another sprayed 15 days after the first spray), and the sub-sub factor was herbicide application dose (1.5, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 li/ha). Results indicated that the treatments significantly affected most of the measured traits. The best weed control was obtained in Naz cultivar. Spraying 3.5 li/ha bentazon at the third trifoliate stage was the most effective herbicide treatment which reduced weeds infestation and increased red bean yield and yield components.

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“…This plant is highly sensitive to weed interference, mainly during the initial stages of its vegetative development (Carvahlo and Christoffoleti, 2008). Weed competition has adverse effects on bean growth and can severely reduce its yield (Dawson, 1964). Therefore good understanding of the response of dry beans to weed competition as well as the determination of its CPWC is important subjects to consider in its production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Interference Affects Dry Bean Yield and Growth

Ghamari

Ahmadvand

2012

Not Sci Biol

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Dry bean is one of the most important pulse crops in Iran. Field study was conducted in 2011 to evaluate effects of weed competition from a natural flora on growth and yield of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The treatments consisted of weed infestation and weed removal periods (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days) after crop emergence. Control plots kept weed-infested and weed-free throughout growing season. To assess the weed competition effect on crop characteristics, Richards, Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to the data. The most abundant weed species were Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Increase in duration of weed interference decreased the stem height of dry bean. At the end of the growing season, dry bean was 20 cm taller in season-long weed-free treatment compared to the season-long weed-infested treatment. As the number of days of weed interference increased, a declining trend of LAI and number of pods was observed. The minimum number of pods was obtained in season-long weed-infested treatment (5.01 pods/ plant). Weed interference during the whole growing season, caused a 60% reduction in yield. Considering 5% and 10% acceptable yield lost, the critical period of weed competition was determined from 20 to 68 and 23 to 55 days after planting (DAE), respectively.

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Competition between Irrigated Field Beans and Annual Weeds

Cited by 69 publications

References 4 publications

The time of the onset of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and spring cereal

The time of the onset of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and spring cereal

Herbicide Doses and Application Times in Weed Suppression on Different Red Bean Varieties

Weed Interference Affects Dry Bean Yield and Growth

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