Wettable powder and granular formulations of pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], applied at 1.7 kg/ha to the soil surface or incorporated to depths of 1.3 to 7.5 cm, controlled dodder(Cuscuta indecoraChoisy and C.campestrisYunck.) completely in the greenhouse for periods of 6 to 16 weeks. Seedlings emerged in pronamide-treated soil, but did not elongate normally and did not twine. Pronamide had very little activity as a vapor. In the field, the same rate applied to the soil surface and sprinkler irrigated or mechanically incorporated with the soil usually controlled dodder for about 1 month longer than did the standard herbicide, chlorpropham (isopropylm-chlorocarbanilate) at 6.7 kg/ha. Pronamide at 6.7 kg/ha did not injure established alfalfa(Medicago sativaL.).

No abstract

The results demonstrated that food supply interventions to promote nutrition across all domains of the school environment can be implemented successfully.

Seeds of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.], green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], and yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.] were buried 2.5, 10, and 20 cm deep in irrigated and nonirrigated sandy loam. Samples were exhumed periodically for 15 yr to determine viability. Viability declined with time. Three percent or less of the seeds of each species remained viable 13 yr after burial, and none were viable after 15 yr. Survival of seeds under apparently uniform conditions varied extremely. Thus, subtle differences in environmental conditions profoundly affect longevity of seeds.

No abstract