Competition, Innovation and Racing for Priority at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Cohen, Linda R.; Ishii, Jun

doi:10.2139/ssrn.826504

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…4 Cohen and Ishii (2005) also find that, contrary to folklore, most patent races are among major corporate research laboratories chasing well-defined research topics. 5 For example, "It should be understood that it is because the U.S. has a first to invent structure and the rest of the world has a first to file structure that the U.S. is the production and employment machine that it is."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since interference costs are borne equally by the parties involved, the FTI rule does not necessarily protect financially constrained small inventors. The fact that interference does not help small individual inventors against large corporations is confirmed in an empirical study of Cohen and Ishii (2005). 4 Despite these counterarguments, the opposition often adduces the undeniable fact that the U.S. has led the world in R&D for more than a century and attributes it to the FTI feature of its patent law that has existed since 1836.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 See Cohen and Ishii (2005) for a detailed study of the interference process. 4 Cohen and Ishii (2005) also find that, contrary to folklore, most patent races are among major corporate research laboratories chasing well-defined research topics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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International harmonization of the patent-issuing rules

Miyagiwa

Ohno

2015

International Journal of Industrial Organization

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may Abstract:With the America Invents Act of 2011, the U.S. changed its patent-issuing rule from first-toinvent to first-to-file, the international norm. We investigate the effect of such a policy change in a two-country model of R&D competition for two sequential (basic and final) inventions. We find that a switch never speeds up basic research. A delay is more likely especially in industries where the final product generates more value in the U.S. Simulations show that a delay in basic research also retards final invention, decreasing world welfare. JEL Classification numbers: F1, O3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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International harmonization of the patent-issuing rules

Miyagiwa

Ohno

2015

International Journal of Industrial Organization

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“…Since the costs of interferences are borne equally by the parties involved, a first-to-invent rule does not necessarily protect financially constrained small inventors. Cohen and Ishii (2005) find in an empirical study that interference does not help small individual inventors against large corporate inventors. Thus, concludes Lerner (2003), "the greatest beneficiary from the first-to-invent system is the small subset of the patent bar that specializes in international law.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…5 See Cohen and Ishii (2005) for a detailed study of the interference process. 6 For example, one writes "It should be understood that it is because the U.S. has a first to invent structure and the rest of the world has a first to file structure that the U.S. is the production and employment machine that it is."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First-to-Invent Versus First-to-File: International Patent Law Harmonization and Innovation

Miyagiwa

2007

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Abstract: Terms of use: Documents inThe U.S. has been under pressure to abandon the unique first-to-invent feature of its patent law for awarding patents. The opposition to reform however argues that switch to a first-to-file rule, the international norm, will undermine innovation. We evaluate this argument in a dynamic stochastic model of a patent race. The result generally supports the opposition's argument. JEL Classification numbers: L3, O31,O34Keywords: first-to-file, first-to-invent, patent law harmonization, innovation, U.S. patent law, First-to-invent versus first-to-file:International patent law harmonization and innovation Abstract: The U.S. has been under pressure to abandon the unique first-to-invent feature of its patent law for awarding patents. The opposition to reform however argues that switch to a firstto-file rule, the international norm, will undermine innovation. We evaluate this argument in a dynamic stochastic model of a patent race. The result generally supports the opposition's argument.

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Simultaneous innovation and the cyclicality of R&D

Gabrovski

2020

Review of Economic Dynamics

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Competition, Innovation and Racing for Priority at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

International harmonization of the patent-issuing rules

International harmonization of the patent-issuing rules

First-to-Invent Versus First-to-File: International Patent Law Harmonization and Innovation

Simultaneous innovation and the cyclicality of R&D

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