Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Hu, Hanhua; Zhang, Jun; Cao, Weidong

doi:10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60459-7

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The nitrate density, shown in Figure a, peaks at 2.9 µM. This is sufficient to allow the growth of algae [ Castle and Rodgers , ; Hu et al , ], potentially leading to an algae bloom. Additionally, the flux of nitrates is well above the nutrient requirements to promote positive growth of algae blooms, as indicated the Figure b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NO_xproduction and rainout from Chicxulub impact ejecta reentry

et al. 2015

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The Chicxulub impact 66.0 Ma ago initiated the second biggest extinction in the Phanerozoic Eon. The cause of the concurrent oceanic nitrogen isotopic anomaly, however, remains elusive. The Chicxulub impactor struck the Yucatán peninsula, ejecting 2 × 1015 kg of molten and vaporized rock that reentered globally as approximately 1023 microscopic spherules. Here we report that modern techniques indicate that this ejecta generates 1.5 × 1014 moles of NOx, which is enough to cause the observed nitrogen enrichment of the basal layer. Additionally, reentry‐based NO production would explain the anomalously heavy isotopic composition of the observed nitrogen. We include N, O, N2, O2, and NO species in simulations of nonequilibrium chemically reacting flow around a reentering spherule. We then determine the net production of NO from all the spherules and use turbulence models to determine how quickly this yield diffuses through the atmosphere. Upon reaching the stratosphere and troposphere, cloud moisture absorbs the NOx and forms nitric acid. We model this process and determine the acidity of the resulting precipitation, which peaks about 1 year after the impact. The precipitation ultimately reaches the upper ocean, where we assume that the well‐mixed surface layer is 100 m deep. We then model the naturally occurring carbonate/bicarbonate buffer and determine the net pH. We find that insufficient NOx reaches the ocean to directly cause the observed end‐Cretaceous oceanic extinction via acidification and buffer removal. However, the resulting nitrates are sufficient to explain the concurrent nitrogen isotopic anomaly and facilitate an end‐Cretaceous algae bloom.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NO_xproduction and rainout from Chicxulub impact ejecta reentry

et al. 2015

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“…The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the competition between diatoms and dinoflagellates were investigated in a previous study (Hu et al 2011). The diatom (Skeletonema costatum) was indicated to grow well with limited nitrate, and the dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum minimum and/or Alexandrium tamarense) was the dominant species with limited phosphate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth of S. costatum was not affected in the silicate-replete medium, in which pH variation also occurred. The diatoms, including S. costatum, were also found to be poor competitors at low phosphate concentrations (Egge 1998;Hu et al 2011); whereas, phosphate was sufficient in the f/2 medium for the mixed cultures (Hu et al 2011). Therefore, silicate may be an important nutrient affecting species dominance in the mixed diatom and dinoflagellate culture.…”

Section: àmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of silicate and inorganic carbon availability on the growth and competition of a diatom and two red tide dinoflagellates

Gong

2014

Phycologia

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The influence of silicate and inorganic carbon availability on the growth of three common algal species, namely, the diatom Skeletonema costatum (Coscinodiscophyceae) and the dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae), was studied. Competition experiments using these three species were performed under different conditions to determine the dominance of red tide algal species in certain marine environments. Skeletonema costatum outgrew the two dinoflagellates in the silicate-replete medium as a result of its high growth rate. However, the cell density of S. costatum decreased with reduced silicate and changed inorganic carbon availabilities. Skeletonema costatum stopped growing when the inorganic carbon concentration was doubled at a constant pH of 7.7, which may have resulted from the enhanced growth of the two dinoflagellates. Prorocentrum minimum and A. tamarense became dominant at constant pH 7.7 conditions. As a component of the CO 2 concentrating mechanism (CCM), extracellular carbonic anhydrase (eCA) showed significantly lower activities in S. costatum under low-silicate and constant pH 7.7 conditions; whereas, the P. minimum eCA activity remained almost unaffected. Different eCA responses to reduced silicate and varied carbon sources suggested that the species differed in inorganic carbon acquisition. The results suggested that patterns of species dominance of bloom-forming microalgae may be related to silicate and inorganic carbon availabilities.

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“…Phytoplankton has 3,400-4,100 microalgae species, and among them, 300 species could produce blooms (Smayda 1997;Naz et al 2012). Accordingly, different species might be involved in algal blooms in different regions (Hu et al 2011). Phytoplankton taxon abundance depends upon the growth, immigration, physical concentration, and other mechanisms based upon the physical, chemical,…”

Section: Effect Of Algal Bloom By Centric Diatom Hemidiscus Hardmannimentioning

confidence: 99%

Loricate Ciliate Tintinnids in a Tropical Mangrove Wetland

Sarkar¹

2015

SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science

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Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

NO_xproduction and rainout from Chicxulub impact ejecta reentry

NO_xproduction and rainout from Chicxulub impact ejecta reentry

Effect of silicate and inorganic carbon availability on the growth and competition of a diatom and two red tide dinoflagellates

Loricate Ciliate Tintinnids in a Tropical Mangrove Wetland

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Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

NOxproduction and rainout from Chicxulub impact ejecta reentry

NOxproduction and rainout from Chicxulub impact ejecta reentry

Effect of silicate and inorganic carbon availability on the growth and competition of a diatom and two red tide dinoflagellates

Loricate Ciliate Tintinnids in a Tropical Mangrove Wetland

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NO_xproduction and rainout from Chicxulub impact ejecta reentry

NO_xproduction and rainout from Chicxulub impact ejecta reentry