Competition of Velvetleaf, Prickly Sida, and Venice Mallow in Soybeans

Eaton, B. J.; Russ, O. G.; Feltner, K. C.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500065802

Cited by 94 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Prickly sida competes with several crops, including cotton {Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Buchanan, Crowley & McLaughlin, 1977) and soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.) (Eaton, Russ & Feltner, 1976). Prickly sida exhibited more than 85% germination in light or darkness at 35°C (Egley, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa): germination and emergence

1992

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Maximum arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia L.) germination occurred at 35°C, whereas prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) germinated to the same extent at 35 or 40°C. Arrowleaf sida germinated better than prickly sida at 20 and 25°C, but did not germinate at 40°C. Less than 50% of seed from both species were viable at 45°C after 21 days of exposure. Both species exhibited more than 75% germination at a range of pH from 5.0 to 8.0. Arrowleaf sida germinated to a greater extent than prickly sida from 0 to —800 kPa, and an osmotic stress of —200 kPa reduced prickly sida germination, whereas —400 kPa was necessary to reduce arrowleaf sida germination. Prickly sida emergence was optimal at a planting depth of 0.5 cm, and declined rapidly at deeper planting depths. However, arrowleaf sida emergence was equivalent at planting depths of 0.5–2.0 cm, with declining emergence below 2.0 cm. Neither species emerged from depths exceeding 5.0 cm. Light did not influence the germination of arrowleaf sida or prickly sida. Sida rhombifolia et Sida spinosa: germination et levee Le maximum du germination pour Sida rhombifolia L. a été atteint à 35°C tandis que Sida spinosa L. a germé de facon équivalente à 35 ou 40°C. S. rhombifolia a mieux germé que S. spinosaà 20 et 25°C, mais n'a pas germéà 40°C. Moins de 20% de graines des deux espèces étaient encore viables à 45°C après 21 jours dèxposition. Les deux especes ont germéà plus de 75% dans des niveaux de pH allant de 5 à 8. S. rhombifolia a mieux germe que S. spinosa de 0 à 800 kPa, et un stress osmotique de —200 kPa a réduit la germination de S. spinosa, tandis que —400 kPa ont été nécessaires pour réquire la germination de S. rhombifolia. La levée de S. spinosaétait optimale à une profondeur de semis de 0,5 cm, et décroissait rapidement à des profondeurs plus élevées. Cependant la levée de S. rhombifoliaétait équivalente pour des profondeurs de 0,5 à 2 cm, avec une baisse à partir de 2 cm. Aucune des deux espèces n'a levéà des profondeurs supérieurs à 5 cm. La lumière n'a pas d'influence sur la germination des 2 espèces. Keimung und Auflaufen der Sidafaserpflanze (Sida rhombifolia L.) und der Stacheligen Samtmalve (Sida spinosa L.) Die stärkste Keimung lag bei der Sidafaserpflanze (Sida rhombifolia L.) bei 35 °C vor, während Samen der Stacheligen Samtmalve (Sida spinosa L.) bei 35 oder 40 °C gleich gut keimten. Samen der Sidafaserpflanze keimten bei 20 und 25 °C besser als die der Stacheligen Samtmalve, keimten jedoch nicht bei 40 °C. Nach Lagerung bei 45 °C für 21 Tage waren die Samen beider Arten zu < 20% keimfähig. Bei pH‐Werten zwischen 5 und 8 keimten beide Arten zu >75%. Bei osmotischen Drücken zwischen 0 und —800 kPa keimte die Sidafaserpflanze besser als die Stachelige Samtmalve, deren Keimung ab —200 kPa gehemmt wurde, wahrend bei der Sidafaserpflanze —400 kPa erforderlich waren, die Keimung zu verringern. Samen der Stacheligen Samtmalve keimten am besten in 0,5 cm Tiefe, in gröβerer Ablagetiefe schnell schlechter. Bei der Sidafaserpflanze jedoc...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa): germination and emergence

1992

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“…cantly, while the number of stems in each transect segment remained about the same (Table 1). Eaton et al (1976) also reported that velvetleaf interference reduced the number of pods/stem more than any other soybean-yield component. These data indicate that velvetleaf presence interferes with soybeans, although it does not separate the effects of competition from allelopathy.…”

Section: Materials Andmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…is an annual weed of wide distribution in eastern United States and the more mesic regions of the prairie states. Eaton et al (1976) reported soybean seed yield losses as high as 720 kg/ha due to the presence of velvetleaf. Velvetleaf-related yield reductions in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean have been attributed to the strong competitive nature of this plant and no attention has been directed to biochemical interference (Staniforth and Weber, 1956;Staniforth, 1965;Eaton, Russ, and Feltner, 1976;Chandler, 1977).…”

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confidence: 99%

Allelopathic Mechanisms of Velvetleaf (Abutilon Theophrasti Medic., Malvaceae) on Soybean

Colton

Einhellig

1980

American J of Botany

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Sampling in a soybean field established that presence of velvetleaf (A. theophrasti) weeds interfered with soybean production. Number of soybean pods and number of pods/stem were significantly lower in transect segments adjacent to velvetleaf plants. In bioassays for phytotoxicity of velvetleaf, several dilutions of aqueous extracts from fresh field‐collected leaves depressed germination of radish seeds and inhibited growth of soybean seedlings. Seed germination bioassays from eluates of chromatograms developed in one dimension showed that two of three bands containing phenolic compounds were inhibitory to radish seed germination. Soybeans inhibited by aqueous velvetleaf extracts had increased diffusive resistance, suggesting partial stomatal closure. Inhibited plants also gave evidence of water stress, with leaf water potentials often as low as –20 bars and reduced water content, when compared with controls. Quantification of chlorophyll on a leaf area basis showed that chlorophyll of inhibited plants was below controls. These data demonstrate the allelopathic potential of velvetleaf and suggest that interference with water balance and chlorophyll content may be two mechanisms of inhibitory action of toxins present in the leaves of velvetleaf.

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“…One to two plants m~^ of weeds such as velvetleaf (A. f/teop/ira^ft), jimsonweed {Datura stramonium L.), and cocklebur {Xanthium strumarium L.) shaded all of the surrounding soybean plants when allowed to grow taller than the crop (Stoller & Wooley, 1985). Shading by weeds taller than soybeans accounted for 86% of the predicted 19-25% decrease in soybean productivity-Different levels of soybean loss attributable to A. theophrasti interference have been reported depending upon weed density (Dekker & Meggitt, 1983;Hagood et al, 1980;Oliver, 1979), duration of competition (Eaton e/ al., 1976), planting date (Oliver, 1979) and date of A. theophrasti emergence (Hagood et ai, 1980;Eaton « a/-, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Weeds present during the first two to four weeks after soybean emergence sometimes diminish yields (Eaton, Feltner & Russ, 1973;Eaton, Russ & Feltner, 1976). The reason for this reduction has not been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean yield and yield components as influenced by canopy heights and duration of competition of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.)*

1991

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R^sumi; ZusammenfassungSoybean yields, pod and branch numbers were inversely related to the height of velvetleaf {Abutilon theophrasti). This effect was attributed to increasing interception of light with increasing height of A. theophrasti. Reductions in soybean yield and yield components were greater if A. theophrasti was maintained at various heights for only 3 weeks rather than 6 weeks following soybean emergence. This effect was attributed to a longer duration of light competition by the weed. Even when the A. theophrasti canopy was kept 25% below that of soybean for 4 weeks, soybean yields, pod and branch numbers decreased when the weed was allowed to regrow during the remainder of the season, but not if the weed was removed after the initial 4-week chpping period. No reduction in seed yields, pod and branch numbers was

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Competition of Velvetleaf, Prickly Sida, and Venice Mallow in Soybeans

Cited by 94 publications

References 14 publications

Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa): germination and emergence

Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa): germination and emergence

Allelopathic Mechanisms of Velvetleaf (Abutilon Theophrasti Medic., Malvaceae) on Soybean

Soybean yield and yield components as influenced by canopy heights and duration of competition of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.)*

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