Competitive Coordination of Azide Groups: Synthesis of Solvent-Free and Chlorine-Free Primary Explosives Based on 3-Amino-1-nitroguanidine

Abstract

A safe synthesis method for a new generation of primary explosives based on the guiding ideology of the coordination chemistry strategy with excellent performance capabilities has been developed. Based on 3-amino-1-nitroguanidine (ANQ), metal cations Co­(II), Ni­(II), and high-energy azide groups (N3 –), we created two coordination polymer primary explosives which are solvent-free and chlorine-free, and further confirmed by IR, elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Thermal stability experiments have shown that their thermal decomposition temperature all exceed 170 °C. Sensitivity test and explosion parameter simulation show that 2 and 3 have excellent detonation performance and safety performance. In addition, the results of the initiating efficiency test support that 2 can be used as a suitable primary explosive.

Sensitive structural motifs separately distributed in azide-based 3D EMOFs: a primary explosive with an excellent initiation ability and enhanced stability

“…4). Compound 1 took no more than 0.08 ms to complete the DDT process, which was much shorter than those of Ni(ANQ) 2 (N 3 ) 2 (ANQ = 3-amino-1-nitroguanidine, 62.31 ms), Co(ANQ) 2 (N 3 ) 2 (34.54 ms), 3 and 2,2′-di (azidomethyl)bistetrazole (10 ms). 50 As the detonation wave of 1 grew, the background board was distorted and the cardboard was broken into pieces (Fig.…”

“…Primary explosives are sensitive high-energy substances, which can complete the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) process quickly and can generate powerful shock waves to detonate secondary explosives. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Commercial lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS) 3,8,9 have high lead contents, low energy densities, and high electrostatic discharge (ESD) and mechanical sensitivities but cannot meet the requirements for the development of miniaturization and the safety of weapon systems. [10][11][12][13][14] Thus, it is still a great challenge to advance lead free energetic materials, with a strong detonation capability, relatively low mechanical and electrostatic discharge sensitivity, and high thermal stability.…”

Optimization of performance and sensitivity: preparation of two Ag(i)-based ECPs by using isomeric ligands

“…Thermal analysis is one of the most important methods for evaluating the thermal stability of EMs. [30][31][32][33] Therefore, we conducted DSC-TG and DTA testing to analyze the thermal behavior of ECPs-1 and ECPs-2 (test conditions: atmosphere: N 2 , heating rate: 5 °C min −1 , pressure: barometric pressure, sample weight: 1 mg).…”

Keeping the Same Ratio of the Ligand and Perchlorate: Realizing the High Performance of Energetic Materials by Changing the Bonding Mode

“…First, the nitrogen heterocyclic ring itself may have coordination sites, especially the tetrazole ring. − Second, groups with strong coordination ability, such as −NH 2 , −NHNH 2 , and −CONHNH 2 , are added to the nitrogen heterocyclic ring through substitution reaction so as to form metal coordination bonds with central ions. Ag + , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Mn 2+ are commonly used as central metal ions. − …”