Competitive displacement: extinction of the yellow scale,<i>Aonidiella citrina</i>(Coq.) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), by its ecological homologue, the California red scale,<i>Aonidiella aurantii</i>(Mask.) in Southern California

DeBach, Paul; Hendrickson, Robert M.; Rose, Mike

doi:10.3733/hilg.v46n01p001

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…DeBach (DeBach and Sundby 1963, DeBach 1966, DeBach et al 1978 hypothesized that A. melinus replaced A. lingnanensis because it was less affected by adverse weather conditions (cold winter temperatures) and was a better searcher. DeBach (DeBach and Sundby 1963, DeBach 1966, DeBach et al 1978 hypothesized that A. melinus replaced A. lingnanensis because it was less affected by adverse weather conditions (cold winter temperatures) and was a better searcher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While monitoring the spread of A. melinus following its release in 1956-1957, DeBach and Sundby (1963 noted that in many groves A. melinus replaced A. lingnanensis despite the presence of a surplus of unparasitized third-stage red scales (apparent virgin females), the putative host for both species, and concluded that host scales were not limiting for these wasps (DeBach and Sundby 1963, DeBach 1966, DeBach et al 1978. Laboratory experiments to test this hypothesis conflicted with the field observations: given a superabundance of hosts, A. lingnanensis excluded A. melinus in mixed-species cages, while both wasps persisted in single-species cages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competitive Exclusion of Aphytis lingnanensis by A. melinus: Potential Role of Host Size

Luck¹,

Podoler²

1985

Ecology

114

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Aphytis melinus, an ectoparasitoid of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii, replaced A. lingnanensis, another ectoparasitoid, in certain California citrus areas during the 1960's following the form~r's introdu~tion i~ _1956-1957. We show that, although both species attack a similar range o~ host slZes, A. melm~ _utiltz:s a smaller threshold scale size for the production of daughters. Size differences of scales Withm a cttrus tree (largest scales occur on fruits, smallest on wood, and intermediate on leaves), seasonal variation in scale age structure, multivoltinism of the scale and parasitoid populati'?ns, seasonal availability of citrus fruits (the substrate that supports the largest scales), dif-feren~s m the ~emp:ratur~.tolerances oft~e two par~sitoid species (A. lingnanensis is less tolerant), and differences m thetr vagtltty (A. melmus ts more vagtle), probably all favor A. melinus in competition with A. lingnanensis. A. lingnanensis does not realize its fecundity advantage in female progeny when these species compete because A. melinus preempts California red scale before it grows into the size range preferred by A. lingnanensis. Collection records through 1972 show that A. melinus continued to extend its geographical range coastally in southern California through 1972.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Exclusion of Aphytis lingnanensis by A. melinus: Potential Role of Host Size

Luck¹,

Podoler²

1985

Ecology

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, the extent of sclerosis of these structures in red scale is variable, and they can be absent (Ferris, 1938). DeBach et al (1978) noted that this variation led to about a 5% margin of error in correct identification of the scales. In some instances in this study, the scleroses were either absent or barely visible in red scale virgin females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary parasitoids of red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) in Australia and a review of their introductions from Asia

et al. 2015

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We used morphological and molecular differences to confirm the identities of red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) and yellow scale (A. citrina), and their primary parasitoids, in Australia. An extension to the distribution of yellow scale was confirmed. Six primary parasitoids of red scale were identified: Aphytis chrysomphali, A. lingnanensis, A. melinus, Comperiella bifasciata, Encarsia citrina, and E. perniciosi. With the exception of A. lingnanensis, these parasitoids, and a species of Aphelinus, were detected in association with red scale during studies in citrus orchards in coastal New South Wales between 2009 and 2012. Two races of A. melinus were recorded: one from the Indian Subcontinent, the other previously only recorded in China. The studies, and reviews of historical records, led us to conclude that 4 parasitoids, A. lingnanensis, C. bifasciata, and both species of Encarsia, were present in Australia before successful or unsuccessful formal introductions between 1902 and 1970. The A. melinus race previously recorded in China may also have been present before the Indian Subcontinent race was formally introduced in 1961. We suggest the possibility that the natural distribution of some of the parasitoids may include East and Southeast Asia, and parts of Australasia. We found no reports of native armored scales being recorded on species and hybrids of Citrus introduced to Australia, and no reports of introduced armored scales being recorded on native Rutaceae, including 6 species of Citrus. However, we subsequently recorded yellow scale on Geijera parviflora, a native rutaceous tree.

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“…Both are originally Asian pests that have spread through tropical and other regions of the world. A. aurantii proved more competitive and displaced A. citrina in Southern California (DeBach et al, 1978). Both species are polyphagous and have Citrus spp.…”

Section: Scale Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of pests and pathogens recorded in Europe with relation to fruit imports

et al. 2015

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Within the framework of the EU project DROPSA (‘Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens’), a review on pests (including pathogens) that have fruit species as their host plants was conducted. The focus was on pests that have been introduced into Europe or were found in the fruit trade during the last 10–15 years. Among the 387 recorded pests, the following groups were identified: 1. fruit and vinegar flies, 2. scale insects, 3. fungi, 4. plant viruses, 5. bacteria, 6. pests of unknown risk, 7. tropical fruit pests, 8. pests that had an unexpected change of hosts, 9. fruit pests not likely to be transported on fruit and 10. ‘hitchhikers’ (non‐fruit pests intercepted on fruit/fruit plants, fruit pests intercepted on other commodities than fruit). The large number of pests identified, from different taxonomic groups and origins, shows that fruit are an important pathway for pests, threatening fruit production in Europe.

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Competitive displacement: extinction of the yellow scale,Aonidiella citrina(Coq.) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), by its ecological homologue, the California red scale,Aonidiella aurantii(Mask.) in Southern California

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Competitive Exclusion of Aphytis lingnanensis by A. melinus: Potential Role of Host Size

Competitive Exclusion of Aphytis lingnanensis by A. melinus: Potential Role of Host Size

Primary parasitoids of red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) in Australia and a review of their introductions from Asia

Identification of pests and pathogens recorded in Europe with relation to fruit imports

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