Competitive Interactions between First‐year Seedlings of Timothy <i>(Phleum pratense</i> L.) and Meadow Fescue <i>(Festuca pratensis</i> Huds.)

Jørgensen, Marit; Nösberger, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-037x.1994.tb00548.x

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A. Wright, personal communication). They have also been used in studies of competition between plant species (Donald, 1963; Barthram and Grant, 1994; 1995; Jørgensen and Nösberger, 1994) where lamina position in the canopy can be important, and in a study of the effects of management on canopy structure (Mitchley and Willems, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A comparison of three methods for measuring the vertical distribution of herbage mass in grassland

Barthram¹,

Elston

Bolton³

2000

Grass and Forage Science

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Three stratified clip methods for the estimation of herbage mass and its vertical distribution in grass swards were compared. The first method used a herbage‐gripping device, which held a sample from a 2 × 9 cm area while it was harvested and cut into layers in the field. For the other two methods, turfs of herbage were dug and brought into the laboratory where areas defined by 10 × 10 cm or 2 × 9 cm quadrats were cut into layers. For the comparisons, two operators collected independent samples from a sward shortly before it was cut for silage, a sward grazed by cattle and a sward grazed by sheep. The total mass of herbage dry matter collected depended on the method used, with the herbage‐gripping device producing greater estimates than the turf quadrats in two of the swards. The different methods produced similar estimates of the vertical distribution of mass. The larger quadrat usually produced the least variable results, while the herbage‐gripping device collected samples most quickly. There were also small differences between the estimates produced by different operators. It was concluded that because the herbage‐gripping device was the most cost‐effective it would often be the most appropriate method to use. However, when a higher level of precision per quadrat is required the large quadrat, following turf collection, would be more appropriate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A comparison of three methods for measuring the vertical distribution of herbage mass in grassland

Barthram¹,

Elston

Bolton³

2000

Grass and Forage Science

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“…ify plant water status in meadow fescue in response to water stress and root competition with orchardgrass. Mechanisms determining the competitive ability of meadow fescue have been intensively studied in recent years (Carlen, 1994;Jorgensen and Nosberger, 1994). Results of those experiments helped producers adjust management practices to the developmental cycle of meadow fescue and its neighbors, and led to maintenance of a high proportion of this valuable grass in European multispecies grasslands.…”

Section: Stomatal Conductance and Leaf Water Potentia)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct reasons for this process are not known. In some model experiments, both shoot and root competition were important factors determining the competitive ability of meadow fescue against orchardgrass (Carlen, 1994) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) (Jorgensen and Juntilla, 1994;Jorgensen and Nosberger, 1994). Although meadow fescue is often infected with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum ( Gams, Petrini & Schmidt) Glenn, Bacon, Price & Hanlin (Gams et al, 1990;Glenn et al, 1996), the influence of endophyte on the competitive ability of this grass species has not been investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Symbiosis with Neotyphodium uncinatum Endophyte May Increase the Competitive Ability of Meadow Fescue

Malinowski

Leuchtmann

Schmidt³

et al. 1997

Agronomy Journal

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Infection with the endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum (Gams, Petrini & Schmidt) Glenn, Bacon, Price & Hanlin may influence drought resistance and competitive ability of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). We determined endophyte‐related effects on some growth and physiological characteristics in one clone of meadow fescue. In a growth chamber experiment, meadow fescue and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were planted in pots as monocultures or binary mixtures, competing in the root systems. One group of plants was adequately watered to maintain the original pot weight (control). The other group was subjected to a gradually imposed water stress, defined as soil water deficit, during 25 d (stressed plants). After rewatering, plants were allowed to regrow for 3 wk. Endophyte infection increased shoot and root dry weight by 33 and 70%, respectively, in control meadow fescue plants, and by 24 and 69% in stressed plants. Infected (E +) plants had significantly greater competitive ability than noninfected (E−) plants when grown in E−/E+ binary mixture. In binary mixtures with orchardgrass, the competitive abilities of E− and E+ plants were reduced relative to that of E− and E+ plants grown as monocultures. In response to water stress, stomatal conductance was lower in E+ than in E− plants, regardless of root competition. Noninfected plants could not completely recover in leaf water potential when exposed to root competition with infected plants or orchardgrass. The greater competitive ability of E+ plants was related to improved root and shoot growth and enhanced drought resistance. Infection with N. uncinatum could confer a competitive advantage to the meadow fescue clone.

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“…In other experiments, meadow fescue in a mixture with cocksfoot {Dactylis glomerata L.) was less suppressed by cocksfoot when grown under a high nitrogen supply compared with a low supply, when at the same time defoliation was frequent (GUGLER 1993 CARLEN 1994). In our previous experiments, carried out with first-year seedlings under optimal nitrogen fertilization in a greenhouse, timothy had a higher competitive ability than meadow fescue increased each year (J0RGENSEN and NOSBERGER 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Competition Between Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) and Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) at Three Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization, During Three Growing Seasons

Jösrgensen¹,

Junttila

1994

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Competition between timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and meadow fescue (Festucapratensis Huds.) under three levels of nitrogen was studied during three growing seasons under northern climatic conditions, 69° N latitude. Timothy initially had higher competitive abilities, particularly when nitrogen was added, but due to a higher regrowth capacity, meadow fescue was able to compete with timothy increasingly over time. The species differed in their growth patterns. Timothy had a higher proportion of reproductive tillers and a larger leaf area in the upper parts of the canopy at the first harvest, especially at high nitrogen‐fertilization. Consequently, timothy shaded meadow fescue during the reproductive stage of growth. After defoliation, regrowth of timothy halted for one to two weeks. Meadow fescue, by contrast, had higher tiller numbers than timothy, a higher number of intact growing points, and resumed shoot‐growth rapidly after defoliation. Due to these traits, the competitive abilities of meadow fescue increased each year relative to timothy.

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Competitive Interactions between First‐year Seedlings of Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

A comparison of three methods for measuring the vertical distribution of herbage mass in grassland

A comparison of three methods for measuring the vertical distribution of herbage mass in grassland

Symbiosis with Neotyphodium uncinatum Endophyte May Increase the Competitive Ability of Meadow Fescue

Competition Between Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) and Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) at Three Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization, During Three Growing Seasons

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