Complement evasion by Borrelia burgdorferi: it takes three to tango

Taeye, Steven W. de; Kreuk, Lieselotte; Dam, Alje P. van; Hovius, Joppe W.; Schuijt, Tim J.

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2012.12.001

Cited by 63 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Briefly, it was thought borrelial infectivity is highly associated with host serum resistance. In particular, borrelial surface protein-mediated binding of vertebrate factor H inhibits complement deposition and confers serum resistance in Lyme disease borreliae [7]. B. valaisiana-related sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing and DNA Similarity Analysis Implicates that a Borrelia valaisiana–related sp. Isolated in Japan is Distinguishable from European B. valaisiana

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT. Lyme disease Borrelia spp. are transmitted by Ixodes ticks, and more than 10 species of borreliae have been identified around the world. Recently, another Borrelia sp. has been reported in Asia (Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan and Thailand) as Borrelia valaisiana-related sp. In the present study, we obtained and genetically characterized 19 B. valaisiana-related sp. strains from mammals and ticks. Genetic analyses showed that the Borrelia strains were distinct from B. valaisiana found in Europe. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that these Borrelia isolates formed a monophyletic group with B. yangtze strains in China. Some of the strains were isolated from the bladders of small mammals, and also two strains were experimentally confirmed to be infectious in C3H/HeN mice. We observed that the Borrelia sp. was maintained in the Ixodes granulatus tick after molting. These results suggested that small mammals and I. granulatus were possible reservoir hosts and the vector tick for the Borrelia sp., respectively. B. valaisiana, originally found in Europe, was transmitted mainly by I. ricinus, and birds were mainly thought to be reservoir hosts. Our results suggested that Japanese isolates of B. yangtze (formerly B. valaisiana-related sp.) were distinguishable from B. valaisiana according to the reservoir host and its vector tick. In this study, we also deposited borrelia strain Okinawa-CW62 into bioresource centers as a reference strain of B. yangtze (=DSM 24625, JCM 17189).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing and DNA Similarity Analysis Implicates that a Borrelia valaisiana–related sp. Isolated in Japan is Distinguishable from European B. valaisiana

et al. 2013

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“…The complement system is an important innate immune response against Borrelia spirochetes, and mechanisms of complement resistance have been identified in both Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and relapsing fever spirochetes [91][92][93]. Recently, it was shown experimentally that the Borrelia miyamotoi strains HT31 and LB-2001 are also resistant to human complement, thus helping B. miyamotoi survive in human blood [88,94].…”

Section: Box 2 Evasion Of Host Immunity By Borrelia Miyamotoimentioning

confidence: 99%

Borrelia miyamotoi: a widespread tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete

Wagemakers

Staarink

Sprong

et al. 2015

Trends in Parasitology

158

130

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“…In vertebrate animals, including mammalian, avian or reptile hosts, the decisive role in susceptibility or resistance to infection by a certain genospecies of B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex, is most likely played by the serum complement system (Kurtenbach et al, 1998, 2002; Kuo et al, 2000; Bhide et al, 2005; De Taeye et al, 2013). A borreliacidal effect on spirochetes was reported to be exerted by the alternative pathway of mammalian complement (Kurtenbach et al, 1998; Kuo et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick Thioester-Containing Proteins and Phagocytosis Do Not Affect Transmission of Borrelia afzelii from the Competent Vector Ixodes ricinus

Urbanová

Hajdušek

Hönig-Mondeková

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The present concept of the transmission of Lyme disease from Borrelia-infected Ixodes sp. ticks to the naïve host assumes that a low number of spirochetes that manage to penetrate the midgut epithelium migrate through the hemocoel to the salivary glands and subsequently infect the host with the aid of immunomodulatory compounds present in tick saliva. Therefore, humoral and/or cellular immune reactions within the tick hemocoel may play an important role in tick competence to act as a vector for borreliosis. To test this hypothesis we have examined complement-like reactions in the hemolymph of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus against Borrelia afzelii (the most common vector and causative agent of Lyme disease in Europe). We demonstrate that I. ricinus hemolymph does not exhibit borreliacidal effects comparable to complement-mediated lysis of bovine sera. However, after injection of B. afzelii into the tick hemocoel, the spirochetes were efficiently phagocytosed by tick hemocytes and this cellular defense was completely eliminated by pre-injection of latex beads. As tick thioester-containing proteins (T-TEPs) are components of the tick complement system, we performed RNAi-mediated silencing of all nine genes encoding individual T-TEPs followed by in vitro phagocytosis assays. Silencing of two molecules related to the C3 complement component (IrC3-2 and IrC3-3) significantly suppressed phagocytosis of B. afzelii, while knockdown of IrTep (insect type TEP) led to its stimulation. However, RNAi-mediated silencing of T-TEPs or elimination of phagocytosis by injection of latex beads in B. afzelii-infected I. ricinus nymphs had no obvious impact on the transmission of spirochetes to naïve mice, as determined by B. afzelii infection of murine tissues following tick infestation. This result supports the concept that Borrelia spirochetes are capable of avoiding complement-related reactions within the hemocoel of ticks competent to transmit Lyme disease.

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Complement evasion by Borrelia burgdorferi: it takes three to tango

Cited by 63 publications

References 83 publications

Multilocus Sequence Typing and DNA Similarity Analysis Implicates that a <i>Borrelia valaisiana</i>–related sp. Isolated in Japan is Distinguishable from European <i>B. valaisiana</i>

Multilocus Sequence Typing and DNA Similarity Analysis Implicates that a <i>Borrelia valaisiana</i>–related sp. Isolated in Japan is Distinguishable from European <i>B. valaisiana</i>

Borrelia miyamotoi: a widespread tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete

Tick Thioester-Containing Proteins and Phagocytosis Do Not Affect Transmission of Borrelia afzelii from the Competent Vector Ixodes ricinus

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