Complement regulation: physiology and disease relevance

Cho, Heeyeon

doi:10.3345/kjp.2015.58.7.239

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Healthy cells express soluble regulators such as FH and membrane bound regulators including CD59, CD55, and CD46 ( Table 2 ), which all use different mechanisms to provide protection ( 91 , 92 ). Soluble regulators inactivate complement as they are attracted to self-structure over foreign surfaces ( 93 , 94 ). However, soluble and membrane-bound complement regulators can act as double-edged swords by overregulating the complement system to the point it is unable to eliminate tumor cells.…”

Section: Complement System and Gbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Heterogeneity and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma

et al. 2020

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis, despite surgical resection combined with radio- and chemotherapy. The major clinical obstacles contributing to poor GBM prognosis are late diagnosis, diffuse infiltration, pseudo-palisading necrosis, microvascular proliferation, and resistance to conventional therapy. These challenges are further compounded by extensive inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and the dynamic plasticity of GBM cells. The complex heterogeneous nature of GBM cells is facilitated by the local inflammatory tumor microenvironment, which mostly induces tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of GBM provides multiple pathways for tumor immune evasion. Infiltrating immune cells, mostly tumor-associated macrophages, comprise much of the non-neoplastic population in GBM. Further understanding of the immune microenvironment of GBM is essential to make advances in the development of immunotherapeutics. Recently, whole-genome sequencing, epigenomics and transcriptional profiling have significantly helped improve the prognostic and therapeutic outcomes of GBM patients. Here, we discuss recent genomic advances, the role of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, and the presence of an established immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment that suppresses and/or prevents the anti-tumor host response.

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Section: Complement System and Gbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Heterogeneity and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma

et al. 2020

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“…The activation of the complement system leads to an inflammatory response via the release of anaphylatoxins (e.g., C3a and C5a), C3b and C5b-C9 lytic complex, since this response originates uncontrolled activation, which can lead to organism collapse [73]. One of the diseases that has been directly associated to the activation of the complement system is C activationrelated pseudoallergy (CARPA), which entails reactions of hypersensitivity.…”

Section: Interaction Of Nanomaterials With Complement Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Nanoparticles with Blood Components and Associated Pathophysiological Effects

Cruz¹,

Rodríguez-Fragoso²,

JorgeReyes-Esparza³

et al. 2018

Unraveling the Safety Profile of Nanoscale Particles and Materials - From Biomedical to Environmental Applications

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Nanotechnology currently plays a pivotal role in several fields and has enabled substantial advances in a relatively short time. In biomedicine, nanomaterials can be potentially employed as a tool for early diagnosis and an innovative mode of drug delivery. Novel nanomaterials are currently widely manipulated without a full assessment of their potential health risks. It is commonly thought that nanomaterials' first contact with the organism is through the different components of the immune system. However, if the entry route is intravenous, the first contact will be with the blood's components (erythrocytes, platelets, white cells, plasma and complement proteins). The presence of nanomaterials within a dynamic environment such as the bloodstream can produce potential harmful effects following interaction with several blood components. The design of innovative strategies leading to the development of more hemocompatible nanomaterials is also necessary.

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“…The complement system is involved in the opsonization and lysis of membrane coated microorganisms, chemotaxis of leukocytes, and removal of immune complexes, and some of its cleaved proteins function as anaphylatoxins (e.g., C3a and C5a). Uncontrolled stimulation of this system results in the release of anaphylatoxins which consequently can lead to death [17]. It is known that nanomaterials are potent inducers of the complement system and that the physical, chemical, and optical properties are key players in this process [18,19].…”

Section: Hemocompatibility Of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Its Derivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Localized Hyperthermia—Physicochemical Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Induction of Tumor Cell Death

Podolska

Barras

Frey

et al. 2020

Cells

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Background: The main goals of cancer treatment are not only to eradicate the tumor itself but also to elicit a specific immune response that overcomes the resistance of tumor cells against chemo- and radiotherapies. Hyperthermia was demonstrated to chemo- and radio-sensitize cancerous cells. Many reports have confirmed the immunostimulatory effect of such multi-modal routines. Methods: We evaluated the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets; its derivatives reduced GO and PEGylated rGO, with components of peripheral blood and evaluated its thermal conductivity to induce cell death by localized hyperthermia. Results: We confirmed the sterility and biocompatibility of the graphene nanomaterials and demonstrated that hyperthermia applied alone or in the combination with radiotherapy induced much more cell death in tumor cells than irradiation alone. Cell death was confirmed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase from dead and dying tumor cells. Conclusion: Biocompatible GO and its derivatives can be successfully used in graphene-induced hyperthermia to elicit tumor cell death.

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Complement regulation: physiology and disease relevance

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Molecular Heterogeneity and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma

Molecular Heterogeneity and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma

Interaction of Nanoparticles with Blood Components and Associated Pathophysiological Effects

Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Localized Hyperthermia—Physicochemical Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Induction of Tumor Cell Death

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