Complete and Partial Uterine Perforation and Embedding following Insertion of Intrauterine Devices. II. Diagnostic Methods, Prevention, and Management

The missing intrauterine device

“…Sonogram is not as reliable if the IUD is surrounded by the Omentum or loops of bowel. 8 In the presented case ultrasound identified the IUD but did not point out the exact location.…”

“…Uterine size, consistency and position must be exactly known. 8 To avoid complications, failure to locate the IUD-string in a patient who has not noticed expulsion, should be interpreted as a perforation or migration until proven otherwise. There should therefore be an effort to search for the missing IUD, including abdomino-pelvic ultrasound, trans-vaginal ultrasound and if inconclusive an abdominal X-ray (posterior-anterior and lateral view).In conclusion, IUD providers must screen potential users, insert the IUD correctly and ensure follow-up.…”

A Migrated Intrauterin Device Misdiagnosed as Bladder Stone: Case Report

“…1 The incidence of uterus perforation of an IUD is 1-3 per 1000 insertions. 2 However, transvesical migration of an IUD is very rare. We present the diagnosis and treatment of a patient who had an IUD inserted 12 years earlier and presented with urinary symptoms after bladder migration of the IUD and stone formation.…”

The value of X-ray with uterine sound in the diagnosis of IUDs with missing tails

“…ISSN These complications require a safe, reliable, correct and inexpensive method for locating the missing device. The diagnostic procedures used to confirm the presence of the IUD in the patient are plain X-ray, hysterography, sonography, computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy [5]. Facilities and trained staff are sometimes scarce in developing countries and each of these procedures has certain limitations.…”