Complete and Voluntary Starvation of 50 Days

Elliott, Bradley T.; Mina, Michelle; Ferrier, C.

doi:10.4137/ccrep.s39776

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An average body mass should provide fats for up to approximately two months to assist the starved individual in surviving the threat of starvation [ 202 ]. As a result, individuals who are trapped in a confined area with food deprivation will survive for up to 60 days, depending on access to water and their body mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Effects of Endocrine Hormones on Metabolism of Macronutrients during Fasting and Starvation: A Scoping Review

Karimi,

Yanovich,

Elbarbry

et al. 2024

Metabolites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food deprivation can occur for different reasons. Fasting (<24 h duration) occurs to meet religious or well-being goals. Starvation (>1-day duration) occurs when there is intentional (hunger strike or treatment of a medical condition) or unintentional (anorexia nervosa, drought, epidemic famine, war, or natural disaster) food deprivation. A scoping review was undertaken using the PubMed database to explore 1805 abstracts and review 88 eligible full-text articles to explore the adaptive relationships that emerge between cortisol, insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormones on the metabolic pathways of macronutrients in humans during fasting and starvation. The collected data indicate that fasting and starvation prime the human body to increase cortisol levels and decrease the insulin/glucagon ratio and triiodothyronine (T3) levels. During fasting, increased levels of cortisol and a decreased insulin/glucagon ratio enhance glycogenolysis and reduce the peripheral uptake of glucose and glycogenesis, whereas decreased T3 levels potentially reduce glycogenolysis. During starvation, increased levels of cortisol and a decreased insulin/glucagon ratio enhance lipolysis, proteolysis, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and ureagenesis, and decreased T3 levels reduce thermogenesis. We present a potential crosstalk between T3 and the above hormones, including between T3 and leptin, to extend their adaptive roles in the metabolism of endogenous macronutrients during food deprivation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Effects of Endocrine Hormones on Metabolism of Macronutrients during Fasting and Starvation: A Scoping Review

Karimi,

Yanovich,

Elbarbry

et al. 2024

Metabolites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been reported that some individuals could survive continual no-food fasting from 40days [5,6] or even more than a year [7,8]. Historical books from China and India also record some examples of months to years of absolutely no food status (bigu) as a way to attain longevity and spiritual distillation [9,10].…”

Section: Background Motivation and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intake of Extremely Low Minerals and Bacteria Consumable Saccharides Secured Safety and Persistent of 7-14 Days Prolonged Total Dietary Deprivation Regimen

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Yu³

et al. 2021

Prime Archives in Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate a total fasting regimen assisted by a novel prebiotic, Flexible Abrosia (FA), in more than 7 days of continual dietary deprivation (7D-CDD). Our analysis included basic physical examinations, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and clinical lab and ELISA analysis in normal volunteers.Methods: Eight healthy subjects with normal body weight participated in 7D-CDD with the assistance of a specially designed probiotic. Individuals were assigned to take FA (113.4 KJ/10g/dose) at each mealtime to avoid possible injuries to intestinal flora and smooth the hunger sensation. During 7D-CDD, the subjects were advised to avoid any food intake,

show abstract

“…It has been reported that some individuals could survive continual no-food fasting from 40 days (5,6) or even more than a year (7,8). Historical books from China and India also record some examples of months to years of absolutely no food status (bigu) as a way to attain longevity and spiritual distillation (9, 10).…”

Section: Background Motivation and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel 7-Days Prolonged Dietary Deprivation Regimen Improves ALT and UA After 3–6 Months Refeeding, Indicating Therapeutic Potential

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to evaluate a total fasting regimen assisted by a novel prebiotic, Flexible Abrosia (FA), in more than 7 days of continual dietary deprivation (7D-CDD). Our analysis included basic physical examinations, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and clinical lab and ELISA analysis in normal volunteers. Methods: Seven healthy subjects with normal body weight participated in 7D-CDD with the assistance of a specially designed probiotic. Individuals were assigned to take FA (113.4 KJ/10 g) at each mealtime to avoid possible injuries to intestinal flora and smooth the hunger sensation. During 7D-CDD, the subjects were advised to avoid any food intake, especially carbohydrates, except for drinking plentiful amounts of water. The examination samples were collected before CDD as self-control, at 7 days fasting, and after 7∼14 days of refeeding. Three subjects were also tested after 6-m refeeding. Results: The FA-CDD regimen significantly decreased suffering from starvation, with tolerable hunger sensations during the treatment. With the addition of daily mineral electrolytes, the subjects not only passed through the entire 7D-CDD regimen but also succeed in 12∼13 days total fasting in two subjects. There was a significant reduction in blood glucose, insulin, and high-density lipoprotein levels during fasting, and the blood concentrations of uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) were increased. However, after more than 2 months of refeeding, the disease markers ALT, GOT, and CK either remained stable or were slightly downregulated compared to their initial D0 control level. Conclusion: Our experiment has supplied the first positive evidence that, with the assistance of a daily nutritional supply of around 100 kcal total calories to their intestinal flora, human subjects were able to tolerate hunger sensations. We have found that, although 7D-CDD induced increases in UA, CK, and transferases during fasting, refeeding led the markers to become either down-regulated or unchanged compared to their initial levels. This phenomenon was further confirmed in longer-term (6 m) recovery.

show abstract

Complete and Voluntary Starvation of 50 Days

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Adaptive Effects of Endocrine Hormones on Metabolism of Macronutrients during Fasting and Starvation: A Scoping Review

Adaptive Effects of Endocrine Hormones on Metabolism of Macronutrients during Fasting and Starvation: A Scoping Review

The Intake of Extremely Low Minerals and Bacteria Consumable Saccharides Secured Safety and Persistent of 7-14 Days Prolonged Total Dietary Deprivation Regimen

A Novel 7-Days Prolonged Dietary Deprivation Regimen Improves ALT and UA After 3–6 Months Refeeding, Indicating Therapeutic Potential

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About