Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia phenoliruptrix BR3459a (CLA1), a Heat-Tolerant, Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of Mimosa flocculosa

Abstract

The genus Burkholderia represents a challenge to the fields of taxonomy and phylogeny and, especially, to the understanding of the contrasting roles as either opportunistic pathogens or bacteria with biotechnological potential. Few genomes of nonpathogenic strains, especially of diazotrophic symbiotic bacteria, have been sequenced to improve understanding of the genus. Here, we contribute with the complete genome sequence of Burkholderia phenoliruptrix strain BR3459a (CLA1), an effective diazotrophic symbiont of the leguminous tree Mimosa flocculosa Burkart, which is endemic to South America.

The Structure and Evolution of Beta-Rhizobial Symbiotic Genes Deduced from Their Complete Genomes

“…Lebeckia spp. ), such as B. dilworthii and B. sprentiae, which was to be expected in consideration of other reports [14][15][16]41,61]. Also reported that the fixNOQP and fixGHIS nitrogenase production and assembly genes are missing in all the Burkholderia strains that they examined, but after further analysis of the products of these genes we found their protein products were annotated on the published genome for B. phymatum STM815 T , but there were no relevant annotation gene names in GenBank.…”

“…In parallel, in South Africa, the papilionoid tribes associated with the South African Burkholderias, Crotalarieae and Podalyrieae, arose [44][45][46], and these plants also presumably encountered the acid-loving Burkholderia as they colonized and speciated within the acidic soils of the Fynbos. The main differences between the nodulating Burkholderias in South America and those of their South African cousins is that the former have very different nod genes to local Alpha-rhizobia [61], whereas the latter nodulate a wide range of Fynbos legume genera which are often also capable of nodulating with Alpharhizobia, such as Mesorhizobium [14][15][16]. This most likely explains why the nod genes of the South African Burkholderias are so similar to those of Alpha-rhizobia, but it does not tell us which came first and who transferred them to WHO.…”

“…papilionoideae in South Africa) legumes depending on which nod genes they possess. Accordingly, [61] have recently deduced that the symbiotic genes of the South African strain B. tuberum sv. papilionoideae STM678…”

“…The organization of the symbiotic genes is also different within the two clades: Alpha-rhizobia either combine related genes on relatively mobile chromosomal islands in the case of Mesorhizobium, Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium and Methylobacterium or on symbiotic plasmids in the case of Rhizobium and Ensifer (Sinorhizobium). Beta-rhizobia also appear to exclusively contain an independent transmissible plasmid containing all their symbiosis genes, although [61] have recently suggested that the nod …”

“…strain UYPR2.512 were announced, and these have demonstrated some different chromosome properties from Alpha-rhizobia [60,61]. To better understand the nodulating bacteria and their relationship with their geographical distribution, the project of sequencing several model LNB (legume-nodulating bacteria) genomes has been carried out to provide valuable insights into the genetic evolution of symbiotic nitrogen fixation [62].…”