Complete Genome Sequence of Equine Herpesvirus Type 9

Fukushi, Hideto; Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi; Yamada, Souichi

doi:10.1128/jvi.02607-12

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Differences in virulence and in biological and biochemical properties form an important basis for distinguishing between related herpesviruses, different virus strains and isolates [ 1 ]. Equine herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 9 (EHV-9) are classified within the genus Varicellovirus , subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, in the Herpesviridae family of the order Herpesvirales [ 2 , 3 ]. EHV-1 and EHV-9 are unusual among herpesviruses, which are generally considered species-specific, due to their ability to infect species other than their natural hosts [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections

Abdelgawad

Damiani

et al. 2016

Viruses

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Alphaherpesviruses are highly prevalent in equine populations and co-infections with more than one of these viruses’ strains frequently diagnosed. Lytic replication and latency with subsequent reactivation, along with new episodes of disease, can be influenced by genetic diversity generated by spontaneous mutation and recombination. Latency enhances virus survival by providing an epidemiological strategy for long-term maintenance of divergent strains in animal populations. The alphaherpesviruses equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and 9 (EHV-9) have recently been shown to cross species barriers, including a recombinant EHV-1 observed in fatal infections of a polar bear and Asian rhinoceros. Little is known about the latency and genetic diversity of EHV-1 and EHV-9, especially among zoo and wild equids. Here, we report evidence of limited genetic diversity in EHV-9 in zebras, whereas there is substantial genetic variability in EHV-1. We demonstrate that zebras can be lytically and latently infected with both viruses concurrently. Such a co-occurrence of infection in zebras suggests that even relatively slow-evolving viruses such as equine herpesviruses have the potential to diversify rapidly by recombination. This has potential consequences for the diagnosis of these viruses and their management in wild and captive equid populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full genome of a single isolate of a zebra-borne EHV-1 strain has been sequenced from Grevy’s zebra [ 11 ]. Less genetic information is available for EHV-9 [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 10 ]. Therefore, the extent of strain divergence in wild and captive zebra populations is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections

Abdelgawad

Damiani

et al. 2016

Viruses

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“…A polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ), named Jerka, kept in a zoo in Berlin died from acute encephalitis [ 8 ], and a strain of zebra-borne EHV-1 was subsequently isolated from it. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the Pol gene (ORF30 in EHV-1 gene nomenclature [ 18 ], a homologue of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL30) in this virus indicated that the virus was a recombinant virus between EHV-1 and equine herpesvirus type 9 (EHV-9), which was isolated from an epizootic encephalitis of Thomson’s gazelles kept in a zoo in Japan [ 4 , 5 ]. A similar zebra-borne EHV-1 was detected in an Indian rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis ) affected by severe neurological disease [ 1 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Neighbor-joining phylogenic tree based on the genome sequences of 3 zebra-borne EHV-1 (T-616: KF644573; T-529: KF644580; 94-137: KF644575), 2 horse strains of EHV-1 (Ab4p:AY665713; V592:AY464052) [ 16 , 17 ], EHV-8 (JQ343919) [ 14 ], EHV-9 (AP010838) [ 5 ] and EHV-4 (AF030027) [ 19 ]. All node has 100% bootstrap value.…”

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confidence: 99%

Full Genome Sequences of Zebra-Borne Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Isolated from Zebra, Onager and Thomson’s Gazelle

Guo

Izume

Okada

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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A strain of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was isolated from zebra. This strain, called “zebra-borne EHV-1”, was also isolated from an onager and a gazelle in zoological gardens in U.S.A. The full genome sequences of the 3 strains were determined. They shared 99% identities with each other, while they shared 98% and 95% identities with the horse derived EHV-1 and equine herpesvirus type 9, respectively. Sequence data indicated that the EHV-1 isolated from a polar bear in Germany is one of the zebra-borne EHV-1 and not a recombinant virus. These results indicated that zebra-borne EHV-1 is a subtype of EHV-1.

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“…ECE, however, has a significant negative economic impact on the equine breeding industry due to forced temporary disruption of mating activities ( 1 ). Although the complete genomes of four equine alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1, EHV-4, EHV-8, and EHV-9) have been published ( 2 – 5 ), the sequence knowledge for EHV-3 is limited to fragments of the DNA polymerase, the DNA packaging protein, and the glycoprotein G ( 6 – 8 ). We therefore determined the complete genome sequence of EHV-3.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%