Full Genome Sequences of Zebra-Borne Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Isolated from          Zebra, Onager and Thomson’s Gazelle

Guo, Xin; Izume, Satoko; Okada, Ayaka; Ohya, Kenji; Kimura, Takashi; Fukushi, Hideto

doi:10.1292/jvms.14-0183

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…LM2014 was also tested for the presence or absence of the EHV-1-specific neuropathogenicity marker characterized by a non-synonymous nucleotide substitution (A-to-G) at a specific position in the polymerase gene (ORF30). 22 Similar to the reported findings for all 3 zebra-born EHV-1 strains (T-529, 94-137, and T-616), 12 LM2014 was found to bear that same marker. The sequence information derived from partial sequencing of ORF59/60 and a hypervariable region of the gG gene of the Thomson's gazelle-derived herpesvirus, LM2014, indicate that this virus is zebra-borne EHV-1-like and not EHV-9.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

“…The full genome sequences of the 3 zebra-borne EHV-1 strains have been determined and compared to the full genome sequences of horse-derived type 1 EHVs and of EHV-9. 12 The zebra-borne EHV-1 strains shared 99% identities with each other, and 98% and 95% identities with horsederived EHV-1 and EHV-9, respectively. The phylogenetic tree derived from the full genome sequence analysis 12 mirrors the pattern of clades derived in the analysis of the hypervariable region of the gG gene (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The zebra-borne EHV-1 strains are known to form a group of EHV-1 viruses, closely similar but distinct from horsederived type EHV-1 strains. 1,[10][11][12]15,17 They are sometimes referred to as "variants" or a "subtype" of horse-derived EHV-1. The full genome sequences of the 3 zebra-borne EHV-1 strains have been determined and compared to the full genome sequences of horse-derived type 1 EHVs and of EHV-9.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zebra-borne neurotropic equid herpesvirus 1 meningoencephalitis in a Thomson’s gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii)

et al. 2017

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We describe the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of a case of meningoencephalitis in a Thomson's gazelle ( Eudorcas thomsonii) naturally infected with zebra-borne equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and the implications for the molecular detection of zebra-borne EHV-1. A 4-y-old female Thomson's gazelle was submitted for postmortem examination; no gross abnormalities were noted except for meningeal congestion. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated multifocal nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis with intranuclear eosinophilic and amphophilic inclusion bodies and EHV-9 antigen in neurons. PCR demonstrated the presence of a herpesvirus with a nucleotide sequence 99-100% identical to the corresponding sequences of zebra-borne EHV-1 and of EHV-9 strains. To determine whether EHV-1 or EHV-9 was involved, a PCR with a specific primer set for EHV-9 ORF59/60 was used. The sequence was identical to that of 3 recognized zebra-borne EHV-1 strains and 91% similar to that of EHV-9. This isolate was designated as strain LM2014. The partial glycoprotein G ( gG) gene sequence of LM2014 was also identical to the sequence of 2 zebra-borne EHV-1 strains (T-529 isolated from an onager, 94-137 from a Thomson's gazelle). The histologic lesions of encephalitis and antigen localization in this gazelle indicate prominent viral neurotropism, and lesions were very similar to those seen in EHV-1- and EHV-9-infected non-equid species. Histologic lesions caused by EHV-9 and zebra-borne EHV-1 are therefore indistinguishable.

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confidence: 84%

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confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zebra-borne neurotropic equid herpesvirus 1 meningoencephalitis in a Thomson’s gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii)

et al. 2017

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“…Wild equine derived EHV-1 strains cause severe infections, often neurological in both equine and non-equine captive animals [ 66 – 70 ], and some domestic horse EHV-1.2 strains can also cause myeloencephalopathy [ 71 , 72 ]. A SNP (D752) within the polymerase gene of domestic horse viruses has been shown to influence the neurological disease phenotype, and is shared among wild equine strains [ 73 , 74 ]. The genomic phylogenetic analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and recombination analysis of the herpesvirus genus varicellovirus

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe varicelloviruses comprise a genus within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, and infect both humans and other mammals. Recently, next-generation sequencing has been used to generate genomic sequences of several members of the Varicellovirus genus. Here, currently available varicellovirus genomic sequences were used for phylogenetic, recombination, and genetic distance analysis.ResultsA phylogenetic network including genomic sequences of individual species, was generated and suggested a potential restriction between the ungulate and non-ungulate viruses. Intraspecies genetic distances were higher in the ungulate viruses (pseudorabies virus (SuHV-1) 1.65%, bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) 0.81%, equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) 0.79%, equine herpes virus type 4 (EHV-4) 0.16%) than non-ungulate viruses (feline herpes virus type 1 (FHV-1) 0.0089%, canine herpes virus type 1 (CHV-1) 0.005%, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) 0.136%). The G + C content of the ungulate viruses was also higher (SuHV-1 73.6%, BHV-1 72.6%, EHV-1 56.6%, EHV-4 50.5%) compared to the non-ungulate viruses (FHV-1 45.8%, CHV-1 31.6%, VZV 45.8%), which suggests a possible link between G + C content and intraspecies genetic diversity. Varicellovirus clade nomenclature is variable across different species, and we propose a standardization based on genomic genetic distance. A recent study reported no recombination between sequenced FHV-1 strains, however in the present study, both splitstree, bootscan, and PHI analysis indicated recombination. We also found that the recently sequenced Brazilian CHV-1 strain BTU-1 may contain a genetic signal in the UL50 gene from an unknown varicellovirus.ConclusionTogether, the data contribute to a greater understanding of varicellovirus genomics, and we also suggest a new clade nomenclature scheme based on genetic distances.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4283-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The full genome of a single isolate of a zebra-borne EHV-1 strain has been sequenced from Grevy’s zebra [ 11 ]. Less genetic information is available for EHV-9 [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections

Abdelgawad

Damiani

et al. 2016

Viruses

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Alphaherpesviruses are highly prevalent in equine populations and co-infections with more than one of these viruses’ strains frequently diagnosed. Lytic replication and latency with subsequent reactivation, along with new episodes of disease, can be influenced by genetic diversity generated by spontaneous mutation and recombination. Latency enhances virus survival by providing an epidemiological strategy for long-term maintenance of divergent strains in animal populations. The alphaherpesviruses equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and 9 (EHV-9) have recently been shown to cross species barriers, including a recombinant EHV-1 observed in fatal infections of a polar bear and Asian rhinoceros. Little is known about the latency and genetic diversity of EHV-1 and EHV-9, especially among zoo and wild equids. Here, we report evidence of limited genetic diversity in EHV-9 in zebras, whereas there is substantial genetic variability in EHV-1. We demonstrate that zebras can be lytically and latently infected with both viruses concurrently. Such a co-occurrence of infection in zebras suggests that even relatively slow-evolving viruses such as equine herpesviruses have the potential to diversify rapidly by recombination. This has potential consequences for the diagnosis of these viruses and their management in wild and captive equid populations.

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Full Genome Sequences of Zebra-Borne Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Isolated from Zebra, Onager and Thomson’s Gazelle

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Zebra-borne neurotropic equid herpesvirus 1 meningoencephalitis in a Thomson’s gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii)

Zebra-borne neurotropic equid herpesvirus 1 meningoencephalitis in a Thomson’s gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii)

Phylogenetic and recombination analysis of the herpesvirus genus varicellovirus

Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections

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