Complete Genome Sequence of Sporisorium scitamineum and Biotrophic Interaction Transcriptome with Sugarcane

Taniguti, Lucas Mitsuo; Schaker, Patrícia Dayane Carvalho; Benevenuto, Juliana; Peters, Leila Priscila; Carvalho, Gabriela Ferreira; Palhares, Aristides; Quecine, Maria Carolina; Nunes, Filipe R. S.; Kmit, Maria Carolina Pezzo; Wai, Alvan; Hausner, Georg; Aitken, Karen S.; Berkman, Paul J.; Fraser, James A.; Moolhuijzen, Paula; Coutinho, Luiz Lehmann; Creste, Silvana; Vieira, Maria Lúcia Carneiro; Kitajima, João Paulo; Monteiro-Vitorello, Cláudia Barros

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129318

Cited by 91 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…For the plant transcriptomes as well as for the Cp 20.1 and Δcptf1 transcriptomes the quantity of reads was sufficient and our very conservative data evaluation resulted in the identification of 112 (plant) and 48 (fungus) differentially expressed genes. The output is comparable to other dual RNA-Seq approaches of fungus-plant interactions at early infection stages as for example the transcriptomic analysis of sugarcane infected with Sporisorium scitamineum (5 dpi, 3 biological replicates) resulted in the identification of 125 differentially expressed genes [38]. The differentially expressed genes identified in our study included already known virulence factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Cross-talk of the biotrophic pathogen Claviceps purpurea and its host Secale cereale

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe economically important Ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea is an interesting biotrophic model system because of its strict organ specificity (grass ovaries) and the lack of any detectable plant defense reactions. Though several virulence factors were identified, the exact infection mechanisms are unknown, e.g. how the fungus masks its attack and if the host detects the infection at all.ResultsWe present a first dual transcriptome analysis using an RNA-Seq approach. We studied both, fungal and plant gene expression in young ovaries infected by the wild-type and two virulence-attenuated mutants. We can show that the plant recognizes the fungus, since defense related genes are upregulated, especially several phytohormone genes. We present a survey of in planta expressed fungal genes, among them several confirmed virulence genes. Interestingly, the set of most highly expressed genes includes a high proportion of genes encoding putative effectors, small secreted proteins which might be involved in masking the fungal attack or interfering with host defense reactions. As known from several other phytopathogens, the C. purpurea genome contains more than 400 of such genes, many of them clustered and probably highly redundant. Since the lack of effective defense reactions in spite of recognition of the fungus could very well be achieved by effectors, we started a functional analysis of some of the most highly expressed candidates. However, the redundancy of the system made the identification of a drastic effect of a single gene most unlikely. We can show that at least one candidate accumulates in the plant apoplast. Deletion of some candidates led to a reduced virulence of C. purpurea on rye, indicating a role of the respective proteins during the infection process.ConclusionsWe show for the first time that- despite the absence of effective plant defense reactions- the biotrophic pathogen C. purpurea is detected by its host. This points to a role of effectors in modulation of the effective plant response. Indeed, several putative effector genes are among the highest expressed genes in planta.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3619-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Cross-talk of the biotrophic pathogen Claviceps purpurea and its host Secale cereale

et al. 2017

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“…Detailed analyses have since then been published on mating types in several Ustilaginomycotina species. Complete genomes of five species of closely-related genera and varying in mating-type organization are available: tetrapolar U. maydis (116) and Sporisorium reilianum (117), and the bipolar species U. hordei , with the HD and P/R loci 430 – 500 kb apart (118), Sporisorium scitamineum , with the HD and P/R loci 59 kb apart (119, 120) (Fig. 3B) and Ustilago bromivora , with the HD and P/R loci 183 kb apart (121).…”

Section: Breeding Systems In the Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Sex: The Basidiomycota

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Fungi of the Basidiomycota, representing major pathogen lineages and mushroom-forming species, exhibit diverse means to achieve sexual reproduction, with particularly varied mechanisms to determine compatibilities of haploid mating partners. For species that require mating between distinct genotypes, discrimination is usually based on both the reciprocal exchange of diffusible mating pheromones, rather than sexes, and the interactions of homeodomain protein signals after cell fusion. Both compatibility factors must be heterozygous in the product of mating, and genetic linkage relationships of the mating pheromone/receptor and homeodomain genes largely determine the complex patterns of mating-type variation. Independent segregation of the two compatibility factors can create four haploid mating genotypes from meiosis, referred to as tetrapolarity. This condition is thought to be ancestral to the basidiomycetes. Alternatively, co-segregation by linkage of the two mating factors, or in some cases the absence of the pheromone-based discrimination, yields only two mating types from meiosis, referred to as bipolarity. Several species are now known to have large and highly rearranged chromosomal regions linked to mating-type genes. At the population level, polymorphism of the mating-type genes is an exceptional aspect of some basidiomycete fungi, where selection under outcrossing for rare, intercompatible allelic variants is thought to be responsible for mating types that may number several thousand. Advances in genome sequencing and assembly are yielding new insights by comparative approaches among and within basidiomycete species, with the promise to resolve the evolutionary origins and dynamics of mating compatibility genetics in this major eukaryotic lineage.

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“…The gene expression profiles of each identified cluster were obtained from RNAseq data of pathogen growth in vitro and in planta (5 DAI and after whip development) using the normalized number of reads (Taniguti et al, 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolome Dynamics of Smutted Sugarcane Reveals Mechanisms Involved in Disease Progression and Whip Emission

et al. 2017

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Sugarcane smut disease, caused by the biotrophic fungus Sporisorium scitamineum, is characterized by the development of a whip-like structure from the plant meristem. The disease causes negative effects on sucrose accumulation, fiber content and juice quality. The aim of this study was to exam whether the transcriptomic changes already described during the infection of sugarcane by S. scitamineum result in changes at the metabolomic level. To address this question, an analysis was conducted during the initial stage of the interaction and through disease progression in a susceptible sugarcane genotype. GC-TOF-MS allowed the identification of 73 primary metabolites. A set of these compounds was quantitatively altered at each analyzed point as compared with healthy plants. The results revealed that energetic pathways and amino acid pools were affected throughout the interaction. Raffinose levels increased shortly after infection but decreased remarkably after whip emission. Changes related to cell wall biosynthesis were characteristic of disease progression and suggested a loosening of its structure to allow whip growth. Lignin biosynthesis related to whip formation may rely on Tyr metabolism through the overexpression of a bifunctional PTAL. The altered levels of Met residues along with overexpression of SAM synthetase and ACC synthase genes suggested a role for ethylene in whip emission. Moreover, unique secondary metabolites antifungal-related were identified using LC-ESI-MS approach, which may have potential biomarker applications. Lastly, a putative toxin was the most important fungal metabolite identified whose role during infection remains to be established.

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Complete Genome Sequence of Sporisorium scitamineum and Biotrophic Interaction Transcriptome with Sugarcane

Cited by 91 publications

References 120 publications

Cross-talk of the biotrophic pathogen Claviceps purpurea and its host Secale cereale

Cross-talk of the biotrophic pathogen Claviceps purpurea and its host Secale cereale

Fungal Sex: The Basidiomycota

Metabolome Dynamics of Smutted Sugarcane Reveals Mechanisms Involved in Disease Progression and Whip Emission

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