Complete Genome Sequence of the Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 5 Strain APMV-5/budgerigar/Japan/TI/75

Hiono, Takahiro; Matsuno, Keita; Tuchiya, Kotaro; Lin, Zhifeng; Okamatsu, Masatoshi; Sakoda, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1128/genomea.01005-16

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…After a successful four-week rehabilitation, during which the lorikeet ate well, gained bodyweight and showed no signs of ill health, the bird was released back where it was found. On BLAST analysis, the 603 bp sequence fragment of the paramyxovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein) gene obtained from this musk lorikeet did not match any currently known paramyxovirus, but had highest (77.4–77.6%) nucleotide sequence identity with strains of Avian avulavirus 5 (GenBank accession numbers GU206351 and LC168750) [ 34 , 71 ]. The partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequence of the avian avulavirus detected in this study (strain musk lorikeet/Melbourne/ML22-141263/2014) has been deposited in GenBank (accession number MF576270).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the same region of the RNA polymerase gene for which we have sequence information in the present study shows the different subgroups of APMV-2, APMV-3 and APMV-6 have 72.7–78.2%, 73.1% and 75.5–76.2% nucleotide sequence identity respectively within their serotypes [ 30 , 81 , 82 ]. By comparison, the APMV strain detected from the musk lorikeet in this study has 77.4–77.6% nucleotide identity with the APMV-5 sequences obtained from budgerigars in Japan in the 1970s [ 34 , 71 ]. This suggests that the avian avulavirus detected in this study represents a novel genetic subgroup or genotype of the serotype Avian avulavirus 5 , but this putative classification can only be confirmed if the virus can be isolated in the future for antigen-based testing and more extensive genome sequencing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Our results showing a very low prevalence (0.25%) of APMVs in wild birds in Victoria are consistent with the results of other similar Australian studies [ 15 , 79 , 80 ]. The paramyxovirus detected in a musk lorikeet had highest nucleotide sequence identity to Avian avulavirus 5 , which had previously only been isolated from budgerigars [ 25 , 32 – 34 , 71 ], and for which no sequence information from Australia is available. Budgerigars and musk lorikeets both belong to the family Psittaculidae within the avian order Psittaciformes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian viral surveillance in Victoria, Australia, and detection of two novel avian herpesviruses

et al. 2018

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Viruses in avian hosts can pose threats to avian health and some have zoonotic potential. Hospitals that provide veterinary care for avian patients may serve as a site of exposure of other birds and human staff in the facility to these viruses. They can also provide a useful location to collect samples from avian patients in order to examine the viruses present in wild birds. This study aimed to investigate viruses of biosecurity and/or zoonotic significance in Australian birds by screening samples collected from 409 birds presented to the Australian Wildlife Health Centre at Zoos Victoria’s Healesville Sanctuary for veterinary care between December 2014 and December 2015. Samples were tested for avian influenza viruses, herpesviruses, paramyxoviruses and coronaviruses, using genus- or family-wide polymerase chain reaction methods coupled with sequencing and phylogenetic analyses for detection and identification of both known and novel viruses. A very low prevalence of viruses was detected. Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 was detected from a powerful owl (Ninox strenua) with inclusion body hepatitis, and an avian paramyxovirus most similar to Avian avulavirus 5 was detected from a musk lorikeet (Glossopsitta concinna). Two distinct novel avian alphaherpesviruses were detected in samples from a sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) and a tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides). Avian influenza viruses and avian coronaviruses were not detected. The clinical significance of the newly detected viruses remains undetermined. Further studies are needed to assess the host specificity, epidemiology, pathogenicity and host-pathogen relationships of these novel viruses. Further genome characterization is also indicated, and would be required before these viruses can be formally classified taxonomically. The detection of these viruses contributes to our knowledge on avian virodiversity. The low level of avian virus detection, and the absence of any viruses with zoonotic potential, suggests low risk to biosecurity and human health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian viral surveillance in Victoria, Australia, and detection of two novel avian herpesviruses

et al. 2018

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Molecular evolution and genetic variations of V and W proteins derived by RNA editing in Avian Paramyxoviruses

Rao

Gandham

Subbiah

2020

Sci Rep

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The newly assigned subfamily Avulavirinae in the family Paramyxoviridae includes avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) isolated from a wide variety of avian species across the globe. Till date, 21 species of APMVs are reported and their complete genome sequences are available in GenBank. The APMV genome comprises of a single stranded, negative sense, non-segmented RNA comprising six transcriptional units (except APMV-6 with seven units) each coding for a structural protein. Additionally, by co-transcriptional RNA editing of phosphoprotein (P) gene, two mRNAs coding for accessory viral proteins, V and W, are generated along with unedited P mRNA. However, in APMV-11, the unedited mRNA codes for V protein while +2 edited mRNA translates to P protein, similar to members of subfamily Rubulavirinae in the same family. Such RNA editing in paramyxoviruses enables maximizing the coding capacity of their smaller genome. The three proteins of P gene: P, V and W, share identical N terminal but varied C terminal sequences that contribute to their unique functions. Here, we analyzed the P gene editing site, V and W sequences of all 21 APMV species known so far (55 viruses) by using bioinformatics and report their genetic variations and molecular evolution. The variations observed in the sequence and hexamer phase positions of the P gene editing sites is likely to influence the levels and relative proportions of P, V and W proteins’ expressions which could explain the differences in the pathogenicity of APMVs. The V protein sequences of APMVs had conserved motifs similar to V proteins of other paramyxoviruses including the seven cysteine residues involved in MDA5 interference, STAT1 degradation and interferon antagonism. Conversely, W protein sequences of APMVs were distinct. High sequence homology was observed in both V and W proteins between strains of the same species than between species except in APMV-3 which was the most divergent APMV species. The estimates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates suggested negative selection pressure on the V and W proteins within species indicating their low evolution rate. The molecular clock analysis revealed higher conservation of V protein sequence compared to W protein indicating the important role played by V protein in viral replication, pathogenesis and immune evasion. However, we speculate the genetic diversity of W proteins could impact the degree of pathogenesis, variable interferon antagonistic activity and the wide host range exhibited by APMV species. Phylogenetically, V proteins of APMVs clustered into three groups similar to the recent classification of APMVs into three new genera while no such pattern could be deciphered in the analysis of W proteins except that strains of same species grouped together. This is the first comprehensive study describing in detail the genetic variations and the molecular evolution of P gene edited, accessory viral proteins of Avian paramyxoviruses.

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Complete Genome Sequence of the Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 5 Strain APMV-5/budgerigar/Japan/TI/75

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Avian viral surveillance in Victoria, Australia, and detection of two novel avian herpesviruses

Avian viral surveillance in Victoria, Australia, and detection of two novel avian herpesviruses

Molecular evolution and genetic variations of V and W proteins derived by RNA editing in Avian Paramyxoviruses

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