Complete transposition of the great arteries: Types and morphogenesis of ventriculoarterial discordance

Primitive interventricular septum, its primordium, and its contribution in the definitive interventricular septum: In vivo labelling study in the chick embryo heart

“…1D, 2D). These results are supported by the findings of De la Cruz et al (1982, 1983, obtained by means in vivo labelling of the inferior and superior endocardial cushions of the A-V canal, where the basal third of the definitive interventricular septum was found to be labelled. In the case of the inferior endocardial cushion of the A-V canal, the region of the inlet, and the superior endocardial cushion of the A-V canal, the region of the outlet were found labelled (Fig.…”

“…Anatomical and histological studies of the site where the label was found in the mature heart were also done. These results were also compared with those obtained by in vivo labelling of the inferior (De la Cruz et al, 1982, 1983 and superior (De la Cruz et al, 1982;García-Peláez et al, 1984) cushions of the atrioventricular canal (A-V canal) to make a fate map of the different embryological components that constitute the definitive interventricular septum. Video recordings were also made.…”

Cardiac Embryology and Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital Heart Disease: A Primer for Anesthesiologists

“…81 De la Cruz hypothesizes that instead of the normal, spiral-like movement of the aorto-pulmonary septum, it develops in a linear fashion in patients with transposition of the great arteries, thereby connecting the aortic arch to the anterior conus on the right ventricle. 82,83 Heterotaxy is the only genetic syndrome with which transposition of the great arteries is strongly associated. This explains the association with genes involved in establishment of laterality such as ZIC3 , CFC1 and NODAL .…”

A Simple Model for Variant Congenital Cardiac Anomalies

“…B) (S.D.D)-TGA (S.D.D)-TGA is characterized by atrioventricular concordance, ventricular-arterial discordance and D-malpositioning of the great arteries. The direction of the interventricular septum is the same as that of the normal heart, running from right-posterior to left-anterior [4]. Such a segmental arrangement causes the aorta to be located right-anteriorly (D-malposition) to the main pulmonary artery and to originate from the morphological right ventricle.…”

“…Fibrous continuity exists between the mitral valve and the pulmonary valve, and the subaortic conus arises between the tricuspid and aortic valves [5]. The two great vessels are straight and parallel without spiral formation [4] (l " Fig. 3 A).…”