Complex Electromagnetic Issues Associated with the Use of Electric Vehicles in Urban Transportation

Gryz, Krzysztof; Karpowicz, Jolanta; Zradziński, Patryk

doi:10.3390/s22051719

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Inside an EV are also transposed natural and artificial fields from the urbanized environment, however, the lasting of high currents magnetic fields is not as long as near the CHS. Compared to the research presented in [Gryz 2022] the measured values are lower; however the lower charging current has to be taken into account. Considering the construction of both the CHS and the EV, also material and geometrical properties have to be taken into consideration regarding the shielding effects with respect to the direction and strength of the magnetic field environment, since some of the incidence directions can be considered as easily magnetized.…”

Section: Magnetic Field Near Charging Station With 38kw Power Drawn B...mentioning

confidence: 64%

Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Near Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

ORAVEC¹,

LIPOVSKY²

2022

MM SJ

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Charging stations (CHS) for electric vehicles (EV) are considered as sources of local magnetic fields (MF). The MF created by the CHS depends mainly on the actual charging power and topology of the electrical components inside the CHS. MF are in technical practice represented by the effective value of the magnetic flux density BRMS. However, the complex view has to consider the resulting MF vector, its components and the corresponding frequency values of the components at the measurement point and also their corresponding time development. The paper presents measurements of MF near the CHS that were performed with the VEMA-04 series magnetometer and 38 kW power drawn from the CHS. The parameters of the magnetic fields were evaluated in both the time and the frequency domains. The aim of this analysis is to point out that evaluating only simple effective value BRMS of MF is not sufficient.

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Section: Magnetic Field Near Charging Station With 38kw Power Drawn B...mentioning

confidence: 64%

Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Near Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

ORAVEC¹,

LIPOVSKY²

2022

MM SJ

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“…On the other hand, one possible disadvantage of high‐voltage systems is an increased electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure to drivers and passengers in EVs and charging stations. [ 83 ] Although whether low level of EMF from EVs increases risk for cancer and other health problems is still controversial, SINTEF, the largest independent research organization in Scandinavia, proposed manufacture guidelines reducing magnetic fields in 2014, which all automobile manufacturers should follow. [ 84 ] Impact of EMF is expected to be higher in high‐voltage systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[84] Impact of EMF is expected to be higher in high-voltage systems. [83] In future works, charging station utilization and characterization of charging infrastructure using possible next-generation charge protocols are planned. This work is expected to inform both the validation of our present calculations and also help understand how EV adoption may impact grid performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting Recent Advancements in Battery Technology to Next‐Generation Electric Vehicles

et al. 2022

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Over 1.9 million plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), including electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), have been sold in the USA since 2010. [1] In the fourth quarter of 2021, the PEV market share grew to 10.9% of total new light-duty vehicles sales in the USA. [2] Global market share of PEVs has also shown robust growthglobal PEV sales in 2021 rose by around 108% compared to 2020. [3] It is anticipated that the PEV growth will continue to increase in coming years because of national and international climate-friendly policies. In 2019, the European Commission adopted CO 2 emissions performance requirements, for example, European Union (EU) Regulation 2019/631. The CO 2 emission regulation forces automotive manufacturers in the EU to ensure 40% of their new car sales to be zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) or low-emission vehicles (LEVs) by 2030. [4] Moreover, California will require that 100% of in-state sales of new passenger cars and trucks are ZEV by 2035 under Section 177 of the Clean Air Act. [5] Nine other states including New York, New Jersey, and Massachusetts in the USA adopted goals for ZEV along with California's standard. [6] Similar to California's ZEV mandate, China's New Energy Vehicle (NEV) mandate policy took effect in 2018 to promote new clean energy vehicles and provided additional compliance flexibility to the existing fuel consumption regulation. [7,8] According to China's NEV Mandate policy, the car manufacturer would lose credits if they failed to meet CO 2 standards, which would result in losing the license to sell new vehicles in China. In response to regulation and policy, automakers have accelerated their plans to become fully electric. [9] For example, Ford targets 40% of its global vehicle sales to be EVs by 2030, [10] and General Motors plans to end production of internal combustion engines (ICEs) and shift its entire new fleet to EVs by 2035. [11] Three key advancements are viewed as necessary to facilitate PEV adoption levels prescribed by the different mandates and releases: increased battery specific energy which will lower overall battery cost and increase range, [12,13] the ability of batteries to charge in a short duration such as extreme fast charging (XFC, 10 to 15 min full charge), [14] and the development of robust charging infrastructure. [15][16][17][18] Jointly these advances will more closely align the experience of an EV user with those from an ICE vehicle. Here we survey the literature and scale the advances from the cell level to the vehicle level to provide insight into potential advantages and challenges which will arise from the significant advancements that have been made in Battery R&D. First, the

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“…The development and deployment of electric vehicles involve several considerations relating to conventional vehicles and traffic, and some uncertainties are proposed in [5,6]. For example, electromagnetic fields present problems that are specific to electric vehicles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ref. [5] summarizes the measurement methods applicable to the complex electromagnetic fields of electric vehicles. The authors focus on the evaluation of drivers' exposure to these electromagnetic fields and investigate the static magnetic field, the extremely low-frequency magnetic field and the radiofrequency electromagnetic field in relation to the use of these vehicles in urban transportation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%