Complex Ions in Molten Salts. Ionic Association and Common Ion Effect.

Artsdalen, E. R. Van

doi:10.1021/j150536a008

Cited by 31 publications

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“…In view of this, muscovite mica surfaces with different cations were studied to establish a close correlation between the ion specificity and interfacial water and the impact of ion specificity on HIN. As mica can be freshly cleaved to obtain an atomically flat surface (001), − the effects of common ions, surface roughness, and fluctuations induced by organic surfaces , on the interaction of water/ice with the surfaces can be neglected. More importantly, when freshly cleaved mica is immersed in aqueous solution under ambient conditions, the cation K + on the outermost mica surface can be readily exchanged with other cations in the solution, such as H + , Cs + , Rb + , Ca 2+ , and Na + , depending on the concentration of ions. − Therefore, mica surfaces with varying cations can be employed as a more straightforward system for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of HIN by ions on mineral surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ion Exchange To Regulate the Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Efficiency of Mica

et al. 2020

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Heterogeneous ice nucleation (HIN) triggered by mineral surfaces typically exposed to various ions can have a significant impact on the regional atmosphere and climate. However, the dependence of HIN on the nature of the mineral surface ions is still largely unexplored due to the complexity of mineral surfaces. Because K + on the atomically flat (001) surface of mica can be readily replaced by different cations through ion exchange, muscovite mica was selected; its simple nature provides a very straightforward system that can serve as the model for investigating the effects of mineral surface ions on HIN. Our experiments show that the surface (001) of H + -exchanged mica displays markedly higher HIN efficiencies than that of Na-/K-mica. Vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy reveals that H-mica induces substantially less orientation ordering than Na-/K-mica within the contact water layer at the interface. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the HIN efficiency of mica depends on the positional arrangement and orientation of the interfacial water. The formation of the hexagonal ice Ih basal-type structure in the first water layer atop the mica surface facilitates HIN, which is determined by the size of the protruding ions atop the mica surface and by the surface adsorption energy. The orientational distribution is optimal for HIN when 25% of the water molecules in the first water layer atop the mica surface have one OH group pointing up and 25% have one OH group pointing down, which, in turn, is determined by the surface charge distribution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ion Exchange To Regulate the Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Efficiency of Mica

et al. 2020

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“…Van Artsdalen (15) has calculated chemical equilibria from freezing point depression studies using fused sodium nitrate as the solvent. Van Artsdalen first showed that a number of simple salts including some oxy-acid salts are stable and evidently ideal in this solvent up to concentra tions of one-tenth moial.…”

Section: Many Investigations Of Fused Salts Have Been Concernedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex metal halides in fused alkali nitrates

Iverson

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“…Investigations on the nature of molten salt solutions have indicated that simple mixtures of molten electrolytes form almost ideal solutions with activity coefficients close to unity (29). Laity (20) has shown that if the Temkln model is used for the molten electrolyte the approximation of ion activities by ion concentrations is justified.…”

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A study of the nitrate ion dissociation in fused nitrates

Kust

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Complex Ions in Molten Salts. Ionic Association and Common Ion Effect.

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Use of Ion Exchange To Regulate the Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Efficiency of Mica

Use of Ion Exchange To Regulate the Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Efficiency of Mica

Complex metal halides in fused alkali nitrates

A study of the nitrate ion dissociation in fused nitrates

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