Complex nuclear-structure phenomena revealed from the nuclide production in fragmentation reactions

Nuclide cross-sections of fission fragments in the reaction 208Pb + p at 500 A MeV

“…This method has been already used for the identification of the lighter residues in the reaction 238 U on titanium at 1 A GeV [35]. The measurement of the energy loss in the MUSIC detectors is independent of the measurement of the A/q ratio, this one is obtained from the positions and from the TOF measurements (see equation 4).…”

“…Consequently, supplementary criteria are needed in order to determine without any ambiguity the line corresponding to N=Z. A strong signature of the even-odd effect has been observed in the distribution of nuclides with N=Z produced in the reaction 56 Fe+p at 1 A GeV [37] as well as in the production of the lighter elements in the spallation reaction of uranium on titanium [35]. Therefore, we have looked at the mass distribution of nuclei associated with the line A/q=2 previously determined and compared to what would result if we assume N=Z-1 or N=Z+1.…”

“…It is interesting to notice that GEM exhibits relatively strong even/odd effects not observed experimentally. This could arise from the neglect of gamma emission which was claimed in [35] to wash out pairing effects for heavy nuclei. Actually, GEM was also found to predict too strong even-odd effects for the 56 F e + p reaction in the reference [37].…”

Description of the Fusion-Fission Reactions in the Framework of Dinuclear System Conception

“…[11], the staggering depends in a more complicated way on the history of the evaporation chain than the schematic interpretation suggested in Ref. [10]. In Ref.…”

“…The pairing energies and shell corrections of the DNS nuclei are included into the driving potential through their binding energies. So, the staggering effects in the yields of final products are related to the corresponding structure effects in the nuclear binding energies [10].…”