Complex Permittivity Characterization of Liquid Samples Based on a Split Ring Resonator (SRR)

Ma, Jialu; Tang, Jingchao; Wang, Kaicheng; Guo, Lianghao; Gong, Yubin; Wang, Shaomeng

doi:10.3390/s21103385

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…On the other hand, several efforts have been devoted to improving the sensor quality factor. A three-stage coupled SRR structure was employed in [ 23 ], and an active feedback loop was introduced in [ 9 ] to increase the sensor resolution. However, the sensitivities of these sensors were relatively low due to their limited sensing area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Split-Ring Resonator-Based Sensor for Microfluidic Applications

Wang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This study proposes an ultrahigh-sensitivity split-ring resonator-based microwave sensor for retrieving the complex permittivity of liquid samples. An interdigital capacitor structure was used to expand the sensing area and the sensitivity. A defected ground structure and A parallel dual split-ring resonator were introduced to improve the quality factor. A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel substrate was placed above the interdigital capacitor structure. The channel route coincided with the interdigital gap to fully utilize the strong electric field. Ethanol–water solutions with varying ethanol fractions were injected into the channel as the testing liquid. It was demonstrated that the variation in resonant frequency can be used to retrieve the dielectric properties of liquid samples. The proposed sensor used a small liquid volume of ~0.68 μL and provided values in good agreement with the reference data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Split-Ring Resonator-Based Sensor for Microfluidic Applications

Wang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…In this respect, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based sensors [ 20 ] and split-ring resonators metamaterial structures provide interesting alternatives, which have already proven useful for the evaluation of ethanol concentration [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] and are suitable for integration in microfluidic platforms [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. However, few works have reported miniaturized EIS sensors with interdigitated (ID) electrodes and without any functionalization for ethanol sensing in liquid solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized Sensors for Detection of Ethanol in Water Based on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Resonant Perturbation Method—A Comparative Study

Leo

Monteduro

Rizzato

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The development of highly sensitive, portable and low-cost sensors for the evaluation of ethanol content in liquid is particularly important in several monitoring processes, from the food industry to the pharmaceutical industry. In this respect, we report the optimization of two sensing approaches based on electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and complementary double split ring resonators (CDSRRs) for the detection of ethanol in water. Miniaturized EIS sensors were realized with interdigitated electrodes, and the ethanol sensing was carried out in liquid solutions without any functionalization of the electrodes. Impedance fitting analysis, with an equivalent circuit over a frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz, was performed to estimate the electric parameters, which allowed us to evaluate the amount of ethanol in water solutions. On the other hand, complementary double split ring resonators (CDSRRs) were optimized by adjusting the device geometry to achieve higher quality factors while operating at a low fundamental frequency despite the small size (useful for compact electronic packaging). Both sensors were found to be efficient for the detection of low amounts of ethanol in water, even in the presence of salts. In particular, EIS sensors proved to be effective in performing a broadband evaluation of ethanol concentration and are convenient when low cost is the priority. On the other end, the employment of split ring resonators allowed us to achieve a very low limit of detection of 0.2 v/v%, and provides specific advantages in the case of known environments where they can enable fast real-time single-frequency measurements.

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“…Researchers have used these materials to design devices with high performances that can be used in mobile communication, medical structures and all wireless devices 14,16 . The first research work done as an application of metamaterial on liquid identification was done using split‐ring resonator (SRR) 17,18 . Then complementary split‐ring resonator (CSRR) was presented by Saadat et al 19 and open complementary split‐ring resonator (OCSSR) was proposed by Paris et al 5 The most recent work was carried out by Chuma et al 15 in which planar circular CSRR was studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some research works done on sensors dealing with the chemical solution were carried out by Salim et al 44 In addition, more recent research works were performed on studying the complex permittivity or compact permittivity of the liquids, 45,46 while other research works were focusing on biological and glucose characterization 47–50 . By examining the previously published works, 1–5,16–19,23–47 it was found that the sensitivity and sensor size are still the fundamental constraints to limit microwave sensors being widely adopted. Hence, in this article, a miniaturized and improved sensitive microwave sensor with two ports is proposed to address this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,16 The first research work done as an application of metamaterial on liquid identification was done using split-ring resonator (SRR). 17,18 Then complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) was presented by Saadat et al 19 and open complementary split-ring resonator (OCSSR) was proposed by Paris et al 5 The most recent work was carried out by Chuma et al 15 in which planar circular CSRR was studied. Similar work on complementary splitted ring resonator was done by Juan Domingo et al, 20 another work based rectangular complementary ring resonator implemented on microstrip done by Wu et al 21 Metamaterial also applied on horn antenna, Lashab et al 22 have inserted CLL (capacitor loaded loop) inside the walls of rectangular horn antenna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave sensor for liquid mixture identification based on composite right left hand ‐ zero‐order resonator for sensitivity improvement

Hocine

Lashab

Belattar

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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This work aims to present an improved version of the liquid mixture identification sensor, the proposed sensor is tested experimentally on mixture of water ethanol, the identification of liquid is based on the measurement of frequency displacement, and comparison with reference values of water ethanol. This device is based on metamaterial structure which is a composite right left hand (CRLH) resonator with zero-order resonator (ZOR). The CRLH in addition to its property of miniaturization effect, when combined with ZOR, the resonant frequency of various volume fraction are extended, which make the sensitivity higher. The high sensitivity of the sensor is obtained by an optimum choice of the CRLH components. The geometrical size of the sensor is 20 mm by 11 mm. It was printed on a RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a very short testing surface area of 4 mm by 8 mm, the liquid is placed on the top side of the sensor, exactly on the CRLH structure. Three prototypes of sensors operating from 1 to 3 GHz are proposed, designed and simulated using the commercial software high-frequency structural simulator (HFSS). The main advantages of this work is first miaturization effect, second high sensitivity and finally a wide range of liquid can be tested with this sensor. To prove the working principle, ethanol with different volume fractions was adopted as a liquid under test, the obtained results present very good agreement with the literature and suggested that it is a miniaturized and high sensitive candidate (better than 1.38%) for liquid mixture identification.

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Complex Permittivity Characterization of Liquid Samples Based on a Split Ring Resonator (SRR)

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

An Improved Split-Ring Resonator-Based Sensor for Microfluidic Applications

An Improved Split-Ring Resonator-Based Sensor for Microfluidic Applications

Miniaturized Sensors for Detection of Ethanol in Water Based on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Resonant Perturbation Method—A Comparative Study

Microwave sensor for liquid mixture identification based on composite right left hand ‐ zero‐order resonator for sensitivity improvement

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