Complex permittivity of a film of poly[4-(acryloxy)phenyl-(4-chlorophenyl)methanone] containing free ion impurities and the separation of the contributions from interfacial polarization, Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars effects and dielectric relaxations of the polymer chains

Sørensen, Torben Smith; Compañ, Vicente; Díaz‐Calleja, Ricardo

doi:10.1039/ft9969201947

Cited by 30 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Similars results have been found for poly(ethylene oxide) based sulfonated ionomers having different cations such as Li + , Na + and Cs + [36]. As can be see in Figure 9, the polarization times increase with the decrease in the loading of IL-like fragments (compare, for instance samples F1 and F3).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Conductive films based on composite polymers containing ionic liquids absorbed on crosslinked polymeric ionic-like liquids (SILLPs)

Altava

Compañ

Andrio

et al. 2015

Polymer

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Registro de acceso restringido Este recurso no está disponible en acceso abierto por política de la editorial. No obstante, se puede acceder al texto completo desde la Universitat Jaume I o si el usuario cuenta con suscripción. Registre d'accés restringit Aquest recurs no està disponible en accés obert per política de l'editorial. No obstant això, es pot accedir al text complet des de la Universitat Jaume I o si l'usuari compta amb subscripció. Restricted access item This item isn't open access because of publisher's policy. The full--text version is only available from Jaume I University or if the user has a running suscription to the publisher's contents.

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Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…From the experimental results we have estimated the total conductivity and its value can be associated to the maximum possible contribution of the cations [40]. The ionic conductivity is related with the diffusion coefficient and the mobile ion concentration, c ion , by the equation (4), [32][33][34]36].…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive films based on composite polymers containing ionic liquids absorbed on crosslinked polymeric ionic-like liquids (SILLPs)

Altava

Compañ

Andrio

et al. 2015

Polymer

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Figure 13 shows that the Donnan effects are indeed visible for the salt fluxes through the WA membrane compared to the VWC membrane (Figure 7). The curvature is downward and not slightly upward.…”

Section: Example 2: An Asymmetric Weak Anion Exchange Membranementioning

confidence: 96%

Salt Flux and Electromotive Force in Concentration Cells with Asymmetric Ion Exchange Membranes and Ideal 2:1 Electrolytes

Sørensen¹,

Compañ

1996

J. Phys. Chem.

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The previously proposed Nernst-Planck-Donnan description (J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 7623) of the salt flux and the emf in concentration cells with asymmetric ion exchange membranes is generalized to encompass ideal 2:1 electrolytes (doubly charged cation and singly charged anion). Any point in the membrane may be considered to be in Donnan equilibrium with a given external salt concentration. The profile of this salt concentration through the membrane determines the ion concentrations, the local salt flux, the profile of electric field strength, and the immediate value of the emf. The Donnan potential and ion distribution are found as the unique, positive and real root of a third-degree polynomial. In this paper we focus on the stationary state rather than the initial state. For this purpose, the stationary state nonlinear differential equation for the salt concentration profile is solved numerically by the "shooting method". We consider salt concentration profiles, ion concentration profiles, and field strength profiles in three different cases: (1) a very weak cation exchange membrane (VWC), (2) a weak anion exchange membrane (WA), and (3) a strong anion exchange membrane (SA). The membranes are asymmetric with spatial dependence of the Nernst distribution coefficient for the salt, of the fixed charge density, and of the ion diffusion coefficients. We study both directions of stationary flow through the membranes. The emf is a functional of the salt concentration profile and is found by numerical integration. The overall behavior of the VWC is almost Fickian with respect to diffusion of salt in both direction, and there is practically no diffusion asymmetry. However, there may be considerable differences in the stationary state emf values for the two directions of diffusion. The WA is close to Fickian for the diffusion in one direction, but strongly non-Fickian with reversed diffusion flux. There is a large diffusion and emf asymmetry for stationary state diffusion in the two directions for large differences of concentration. The order of magnitude found for the calculated stationary state emf asymmetry corresponds to observed values for various membranes. The SA is strongly non-Fickian, but there is practically no diffusion asymmetry. The SA is almost an ideal anion exchange membrane because of the Donnan exclusion from the membrane of the doubly charged cation. Thus, the emf measured with electrodes reversible to the anion should be zero, and so it is found within numerical uncertainty.

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“…There are a great number of alternative approaches for determining the ion mobility, the diffusion coefficient, the static permittivity, and the concentration of ionic charge under the application of an electric field [21,[29][30][31]. Some of them use a generalization of the theory of Trukhan, following the Nernst-Planck equations which have been linearized for the dielectric dispersion caused by the electrodiffusion of ions in a polymeric membrane which are charged and confined between two electrodes [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. From the analyses of the dielectric spectra of electrode polarizations, we have calculated the ion diffusivity as [33][34][35][36][37] where is the angular frequency corresponding to the peak in tan δ or its equivalent ε"/ε' that represents the dielectric losses or electrical energy that is transformed into heat due to the contribution of movement of loads (ohmic losses) and mainly to the processes involved in the establishment of polarization.…”

Section: Determination Of Diffusion Coefficient and Ion Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar plots are observed for the ZIFsT alone. Previous works from our group [32,33,35], have shown that dynamical electric double layers, described by means of Nernst-Planck-Maxwell electrodynamics, produce an excess of impedance in addition to the MWS impedance, and the combined effect of both impedances is the apparition of a maximum in tan δ, as the real component of the permittivity, ε', rises with increasing the frequency as a reflection of the capacitance of the macropolarization that, in our case, could be due to H + and N(Bu) 4 + ions.…”

Section: Determination Of Diffusion Coefficient and Ion Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductivity study of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks, Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide doped with Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks, and mixed matrix membranes of Polyetherimide/Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide doped with Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for proton conducting applications

Vega

Andrio

Lemus

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

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Currently, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are the focus of attention in the development of electrochemical devices called fuel cells. These devices, which are capable of transforming chemical energy into electrical energy, have shown high performance in the conversion of energy from fuels such as hydrogen and methanol [1]. The operation of a PEMFC is similar to that of a galvanic cell where the electrons produced travel through an external circuit while the protons are transported through a barrier called a proton exchange membrane (PEM) which, in turn, prevents the passage of electrons and fuel [2]. Today, the most popular materials for PEMs are the perfluorosulphonic materials, among which the most outstanding is Nafion ®. This is because the Nafion exhibits excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, and high proton conductivity; however, its high cost and low operating temperature for proton transport are factors that influence the search for new proton conductive materials [3,4]. Sulfonation of polymers to produce, for example, sulfonated poly-ether-ether-ketone (SPEEK) seems to be a promising solution for the substitution of perfluorosulphonic materials because it has a proton conduction on the order of 10 −2 S cm −1 (above 80 °C), which is similar to the that of Nafion membranes [5]. However, the degree of sulfonation of

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Complex permittivity of a film of poly[4-(acryloxy)phenyl-(4-chlorophenyl)methanone] containing free ion impurities and the separation of the contributions from interfacial polarization, Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars effects and dielectric relaxations of the polymer chains

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Conductive films based on composite polymers containing ionic liquids absorbed on crosslinked polymeric ionic-like liquids (SILLPs)

Conductive films based on composite polymers containing ionic liquids absorbed on crosslinked polymeric ionic-like liquids (SILLPs)

Salt Flux and Electromotive Force in Concentration Cells with Asymmetric Ion Exchange Membranes and Ideal 2:1 Electrolytes

Conductivity study of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks, Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide doped with Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks, and mixed matrix membranes of Polyetherimide/Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide doped with Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for proton conducting applications

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