“…The popular topics of applying BIM-GIS integration on buildings also include indoor navigation [92], heritage protection [22,23,[93][94][95][96], construction supply chain management [15,97], mega projects management [98], ecological assessment [25], etc. For the applications of BIM-GIS integration on cities, 3D urban modeling and representations [99][100][101], urban facility management [28,102], and emergency response [103] are the primary aspects at the beginning of the integration attempt. In recent years, more studies utilize BIM-GIS integration to characterize human activities and their relationships with cities, such as traffic planning and analysis [104,105], walkability analysis [106], and energy assessment and management [10,[19][20][21][107][108][109].…”