Complexity of roles and regulation of the PMK1-MAPK pathway in mycelium development, conidiation and appressorium formation in Magnaporthe oryzae

Jin, Qihuang; Li, Chanyuan; Li, Youzhi; Shang, Jinjie; Li, Debao; Chen, Baoshan; Dong, Hua

doi:10.1016/j.gep.2013.02.003

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…MAPK cascades have been found in different fungi, such as Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., M. oryzae, B. cinerea, and so on. In A. nidulans, two MAPK pathways (Hog1-MAPK and Slt2-MAPK) have been found to be involved in many external environmental stresses such as osmotic pressure and cell wall stress [31][32][33][34][35]. In the present study, we found that AflSte20 could play vital functions in responses to hyperosmotic stress and positively correlated with mycelia development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

AflSte20 Regulates Morphogenesis, Stress Response, and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus

Qin

Wang

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Various signaling pathways in filamentous fungi help cells receive and respond to environmental information. Previous studies have shown that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is phosphorylation-dependent and activated by different kinase proteins. Serine/threonine kinase plays a very important role in the MAPK pathway. In this study, we selected the serine/threonine kinase AflSte20 in Aspergillus flavus for functional study. By constructing Aflste20 knockout mutants and complemented strains, it was proven that the Aflste20 knockout mutant (∆Aflste20) showed a significant decrease in growth, sporogenesis, sclerotinogenesis, virulence, and infection compared to the WT (wild type) and complemented strain (∆Aflste20 C ). Further research indicated that ∆Aflste20 has more sensitivity characteristics than WT and ∆Aflste20 C under various stimuli such as osmotic stress and other types of environmental stresses. Above all, our study showed that the mitogen-activated kinase AflSte20 plays an important role in the growth, conidia production, stress response and sclerotia formation, as well as aflatoxin biosynthesis, in A. flavus.Key Contribution: MAPK Aflste20 gene was identified in A. flavus and had effects in sclerotia, virulence, aflatoxin biosynthesis, and response to osmotic stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

AflSte20 Regulates Morphogenesis, Stress Response, and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus

Qin

Wang

et al. 2019

Toxins

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“…In addition, exogenous application of activators of MAPK signaling (sphingosine and PAF-16) promoted fungal development on this artificial surface, while a MAPK inhibitor (PD 98095) had the opposite effect [ 39 ]. Thus, similar to other phytopathogens [ 31 , 33 , 40 , 41 ], MAPK signaling in Bgh appears to play a role in the differentiation of key infection structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

In silico analysis of the core signaling proteome from the barley powdery mildew pathogen (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundCompared to other ascomycetes, the barley powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) has a large genome (ca. 120 Mbp) that harbors a relatively small number of protein-coding genes (ca. 6500). This genomic assemblage is thought to be the result of numerous gene losses, which likely represent an evolutionary adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle in close association with its host plant, barley (Hordeum vulgare). Approximately 8% of the Bgh genes are predicted to encode virulence effectors that are secreted into host tissue and/or cells to promote pathogenesis; the remaining proteome is largely uncharacterized at present.ResultsWe provide a comparative analysis of the conceptual Bgh proteome, with an emphasis on proteins with known roles in fungal development and pathogenicity, for example heterotrimeric G proteins and G protein coupled receptors; components of calcium and cAMP signaling; small monomeric GTPases; mitogen-activated protein cascades and transcription factors. The predicted Bgh proteome lacks a number of proteins that are otherwise conserved in filamentous fungi, including two proteins that are required for the formation of anastomoses (somatic hyphal connections). By contrast, apart from minor modifications, all major canonical signaling pathways are retained in Bgh. A family of kinases that preferentially occur in pathogenic species of the fungal clade Leotiomyceta is unusually expanded in Bgh and its close relative, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici.ConclusionsOur analysis reveals characteristic features of the proteome of a fungal phytopathogen that occupies an extreme habitat: the living plant cell.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-843) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Downstream targets of the Pmk1 signaling pathway include three transcription factors, Mo Mst12, Mo Mcm1 and Mo Sfl1, all of which are required for invasive hyphal growth and surface penetration in the case of Mo Mst12 15-18 . Finally a number of studies have examined Pmk1 dependent transcriptional regulation and have concluded that the Pmk1 signaling pathway is central regulator of global gene expression during appressorium development 19-21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphoproteome Analysis Links Protein Phosphorylation to Cellular Remodeling and Metabolic Adaptation during Magnaporthe oryzae Appressorium Development

et al. 2015

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The rice pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae, undergoes a complex developmental process leading to formation of an appressorium prior to plant infection. In an effort to better understand phosphoregulation during appressorium development, a mass spectrometry based phosphoproteomics study was undertaken. A total of 2924 class I phosphosites were identified from 1514 phosphoproteins from mycelia, conidia, germlings and appressoria of the wild type and a protein kinase A (PKA) mutant. Phosphoregulation during appressorium development was observed for 448 phosphosites on 320 phosphoproteins. In addition, a set of candidate PKA targets was identified encompassing 253 phosphosites on 227 phosphoproteins. Network analysis incorporating regulation from transcriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic data revealed new insights into the regulation of the metabolism of conidial storage reserves and phospholipids, autophagy, actin dynamics and cell wall metabolism during appressorium formation. In particular, protein phosphorylation appears to play a central role in the regulation of autophagic recycling and actin dynamics during appressorium formation. Changes in phosphorylation were observed in multiple components of the cell wall integrity pathway providing evidence that this pathway is highly active during appressorium development. Several transcription factors were phosphoregulated during appressorium formation including the bHLH domain transcription factor MGG_05709. Functional analysis of MGG_05709 provided further evidence for the role of protein phosphorylation in regulation of glycerol metabolism and the metabolic reprogramming characteristic of appressorium formation. The data presented here represent a comprehensive investigation of the M. oryzae phosphoproteome and provide key insights on the role of protein phosphorylation during infection-related development.

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Complexity of roles and regulation of the PMK1-MAPK pathway in mycelium development, conidiation and appressorium formation in Magnaporthe oryzae

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

AflSte20 Regulates Morphogenesis, Stress Response, and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus

AflSte20 Regulates Morphogenesis, Stress Response, and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus

In silico analysis of the core signaling proteome from the barley powdery mildew pathogen (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei)

Phosphoproteome Analysis Links Protein Phosphorylation to Cellular Remodeling and Metabolic Adaptation during Magnaporthe oryzae Appressorium Development

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