Comportamiento de riesgo, rasgos de personalidad y accidentes de carretera en estudiantes universitarios.

Ferreira, Aristides I.; Martínez, Luis Felipe Fernández; Guisande, M. Adelina

doi:10.30552/ejep.v2i2.23

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A published study, however, suggests that men are 2-3 fold more likely than women to be responsible for motor collisions, and are not more likely to be passive victims of motor collisions. 65 This is consistent with recent nationally representative US data sets (e.g., from 2020) showing that male drivers who died as a result of traffic accidents had a greater likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors such as speeding, compared to female drivers 66 . We suspect that this type of sex difference is a valuable starting point for the exploration of both a major mechanism and a modifiable risk factor in overdose deaths, but this explanation does not exclude important roles for other biological, behavioral or social factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Overdose mortality rates for opioids or stimulants are higher in males than females, controlling for rates of drug misuse: State-level data

Butelman¹,

Huang²,

Goldstein³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Drug overdoses are an escalating cause of mortality in the United States, with potential sex differences across the lifespan. The objective of this study was to use state-level nationally representative data that includes the COVID-19 pandemic period to determine overdose mortality for specific drug categories across the lifespan of men and women. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Multiple Cause of Death 2020-2021 data on overdose mortality, for 50 states and District of Columbia, across 10-year age bins (age range: 15-74). The outcome measure was sex-specific crude overdose death rate (per 100,000) for: synthetic opioids excluding methadone (ICD-10 code: T40.4; e.g., fentanyl), heroin (T40.1), psychostimulants with abuse potential (T43.6; e.g., methamphetamine), and cocaine (T40.5). Multiple regression analyses adjusted for ethnic-cultural background and household net worth from Census data, and sex-specific rate of misuse of the relevant substances, from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2019-2020). For each of these major drug categories, men had greater overall overdose mortality than women. Although overall rates of mortality differed across jurisdictions, the sex ratio of mortality for each drug category was relatively stable (≈2- to 3-fold greater mortality in men vs women). These findings survived adjustment for state-level ethnic-cultural and economic variables, and for sex-specific misuse of each drug type (especially in the 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 age bins). These findings underscore the need for research into sex- and gender-based mechanisms underlying differential vulnerability in overdose mortality for these drugs, based on their diverse pharmacodynamics and pathophysiology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Overdose mortality rates for opioids or stimulants are higher in males than females, controlling for rates of drug misuse: State-level data

Butelman¹,

Huang²,

Goldstein³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Freeman and Muraven (2010) found that relative to those who were high in self-control, individuals who were low in self-control were more likely to take excessive risks. Low self-control individuals have been found by empirical studies to be more likely to engage in various types of risky behavior, such as RSB (Griffin et al, 2012;Kahn et al, 2015), reckless driving (Ferreira et al, 2009;Ellwanger and Pratt, 2014), the use of alcohol and other drugs (Vazsonyi et al, 2006;King et al, 2011), and general risky behavior and minor delinquency (Lu et al, 2013;Chan and Chui, 2017).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky Sexual Behavior of Young Adults in Hong Kong: An Exploratory Study of Psychosocial Risk Factors

Chan

2021

Front. Psychol.

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There is limited knowledge of the prevalence and nature of risky sexual behavior (RSB) among young adults in Hong Kong. This cross-sectional study explored the psychosocial risk factors of RSB with a sample of 1,171 Hong Kong university students (aged 18–40 years). Grounded in the theoretical propositions of several criminological theories (i.e., the theories of self-control, general strain, social learning, social control, and routine activity), engagement in three types of RSB (i.e., general, penetrative, and non-penetrative) was studied alongside a range of psychosocial risk factors. Relative to female participants, male participants reported significantly higher mean levels of general, penetrative, and non-penetrative RSB. Male participants also reported significantly higher mean levels of negative temperament, use of alcohol and other drugs, and paraphilic interests than female participants, who reported significantly higher mean levels of self-control and social bonds than their male counterparts. The results of multivariate analyses (i.e., OLS regressions) revealed that, to a large extent, the male and female participants shared a similar set of psychosocial risk factors (i.e., use of alcohol and other drugs, and paraphilic interest) for their involvement in general, penetrative, and non-penetrative RSB. Furthermore, a high level of negative temperament was significantly associated with penetrative RSB for both genders, while a high level of perceived neighborhood disorganization was found to be an important factor in the participation of females in general, penetrative, and non-penetrative RSB. The findings of this study may have important implications for practice in regard to reducing, if not entirely preventing, the tendency to engage in RSB.

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“…Research suggests that mental health issues are some of the contributing factors to the increased uptake of risky and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours [31][32][33][34], with emerging adults being an at-risk population [35][36][37]. Self-medication and self-destructive motives are some of the explanations present in the literature for this link [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Flourishing Reduce Engagement in Unhealthy and Risky Lifestyle Behaviours in Emerging Adults?

Sofija

Harris

Phung

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Emerging adulthood is a transitional life stage with increased probability of risky and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours that are known to have strong links with premature mortality and morbidity. Wellbeing, as a positive subjective experience, is identified as a factor that encourages self-care and may steer individuals away from risky lifestyle behaviours. Investigating wellbeing–behaviour links in the emerging adult population may increase understanding of the factors that lead to, and ways to prevent, engagement in risky behaviours. This study examines the association between flourishing, that is, the experience of both high hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, and a broad range of risky and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours among emerging adults in Australia. A cross-sectional survey of 1155 emerging adults aged 18–25 years measured wellbeing, socio-demographics, and six groups of lifestyle behaviours surrounding substance use, physical activity, diet, sex, sun protection, and driving. Bivariate and multivariate statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that flourishing was negatively associated with more dangerous types of risk behaviours, such as driving under the influence of drugs, and positively associated with self-care behaviours, such as healthier dietary behaviour and sun protection. If enabling emerging adults to flourish can contribute to reduced engagement in risky/unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, then promoting it is an important goal for health promotion efforts not only because flourishing is desirable in its own right, but also to bring about sustainable change in behaviour. Further research is needed to inform the designs of such interventions.

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Comportamiento de riesgo, rasgos de personalidad y accidentes de carretera en estudiantes universitarios.

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

Overdose mortality rates for opioids or stimulants are higher in males than females, controlling for rates of drug misuse: State-level data

Overdose mortality rates for opioids or stimulants are higher in males than females, controlling for rates of drug misuse: State-level data

Risky Sexual Behavior of Young Adults in Hong Kong: An Exploratory Study of Psychosocial Risk Factors

Does Flourishing Reduce Engagement in Unhealthy and Risky Lifestyle Behaviours in Emerging Adults?

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