Comportamiento productivo y valor nutricional de siete genotipos de trébol en tres pisos altitudinales de la sierra norte del Perú

Abstract

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento productivo y el valor nutricional de siete genotipos de trébol en tres niveles de altitud (PA I: 2300-2800 msnm, PA II: 2801-3300 msnm y PA III: 3301-3800 msnm) de la sierra norte de Perú durante un año. Se instalaron cuatro genotipos de trébol blanco (Trifolium repens) y tres genotipos de trébol rojo (Trifolium pratense) en cada piso altitudinal (PA). Se evaluó el poder germinativo, peso y pureza de la semilla para asegurar la viabilidad del número de semillas sembradas. Se determinó el rendimiento (kg MS ha-1 año-1), tasa de crecimiento (kg MS ha-1 día-1), altura de la planta (cm) y valor nutricional para cada genotipo. Los rendimientos más altos y las mejores tasas de crecimiento (p<0.01) en los tres PA correspondieron a las tres variedades de Trifolium pratense (Tuscan, Americano y Relish). El PA I (p<0.01) obtuvo la mayor producción de materia seca (12 340.6 kg MS ha-1 año-1), seguido del PA II (7808.4 kg MS ha-1 año-1) y PA III (3923.4 kg MS ha- 1 año-1), mostrando la misma tendencia para la tasa de crecimiento (p<0.01). Los niveles de proteína cruda variaron de 19.75 a 23.77% (p=0.009). Los resultados encontrados indican que todos los genotipos de Trifolium pratense y Trifolium repens deben considerarse como una buena alternativa para asociarse con pastos en las tierras altas del norte del Perú.

Sustainability of Lolium multiflorum L. “Ecotype Cajamarquino”, Associated with Trifolium repens L., at Three Harvest Times in the Northern Highlands of Peru

“…23 cm; expressing the superiority of height in percentage, the cutting frequency of 45 days over 30 days is 31 %, and the cutting frequency of 60 days versus 45 days is 17 %, concluding that as the maturity stage of the plant advances, the increase in height continues, but with a gradual decrease, probably due to the genetic characteristics of the species, and the phenology and reproductive cycle of the plant. Comparing the values of the study with those found by Vallejos et al (2021) [28] of 21.95 cm, their results are lower, which may be due to soil and environmental conditions, among other factors, soil quality and management. During the two seasons of the year, no difference was found (p>0.05); this considers that the plant can grow, and there is no difference considering the effect of the season, taking the average of the three grazing moments.…”

“…The average of the values found in white clover Ladino variety for CP, according to the average of the three cutting frequencies (24.9 %), doubles that of ryegrass (12.5 %) and significantly exceeds weeds (15.4 %), highlighting the potential of this species (Pennisetum clandestinum) at 30 %, to enhance the quality of the diet [16] and the productivity of this association [23]. The CP of white clover at 30 and 45 days of cutting is higher than those found by Gierus et al (2012) [14] and Vallejos et al (2021) [28], but lower in NDF, suggesting the importance of timing in cutting. Likewise, ash concentration and DIVMS are in line with those obtained by Fonseca-López et al (2020) [32] and Vallejos et al, (2021) [28], further reinforcing the practical implications of these findings.…”

“…Taking into account that the chemical composition presents a high variability due to the time of harvest or maturity stage [16], when evaluating ryegrass independently, values of 10.01 to 14.67 % CP; 37.64 to 47.52 % NDF; 67.65 to 71.04 % DIVMS and 2.36 to 2.49 Mcal kg-1 DM of ME have been obtained [30,31]. In white clover, concentrations of 24.8 % CP and 40.9 % NDF were found for five cutting frequencies and three cuts 20.6 % CP and 42.9 % NDF were obtained [14]; when Ladino white clover was cut between 16 to 18 cm in height, Vallejos et al (2021) [28] found 23.06 % CP, 11.6 % ash; 25.8 % NDF and 75.04 % DIVMS; in this same species Fonseca-López et al, (2020) [32], determined 10.9 % ash.…”

“…The presence of white clover in pastures should not be above 50 % to meet the nutritional requirements of animals and the release of nitrogen to the environment [24,25] For Tilus et al (2022) [11], forage yield increases linearly as the time of cutting is prolonged thus yields have been obtained in this association of 1470 kg DM ha −1 when this is done around 10 cm in height with a remnant greater than 4 cm [6]; 2000 kg DM ha −1 if the height is 13 cm and 2781 kg DM ha −1 if the ryegrass is 29.8 cm [26]; 3974 kg DM ha −1 when the height is 20 cm high and post-grazing remnant of 5 cm [27]. For white clover, heights of 22 cm have been found when cutting every 60 days [28]. Cumulative yields ranged from 13039 to 27290 kg DM ha −1 year −1 [6,20,27,29].…”

Efecto De La Fertilización Fosfatada Y Densidad De Siembra De Trébol Blanco en La Relación Gramínea-Leguminosa en Un Pajonal De Puna Húmeda

“…Resultados similares fueron reportados por Boschi et al (2016) en estudios realizados en el campo experimental del Instituto Nacional de Semillas en Barros Blancos, Uruguay, en el que valores de comportamiento germinativo fueron: para trébol blanco de 93.6%, para trébol rojo de 92.1% y para alfalfa de 91.9%. Respuestas favorables, en el comportamiento germinativo, también fueron reportados por Vallejos et al (2021) en estudios realizados en la provincia de Santa Cruz, Cajamarca, Perú, en tres pisos altitudinales, en donde valores de comportamiento germinativo observados en Trifolium repens, cultivares Huía, Legacy, Ladino y Weka correspondieron al 81, 89, 58 y 70%, respectivamente, mientras que para el Trifolium pratense, cultivares Tuscan, Americano y Relish, valores de 98, 68 y 90%, respectivamente.…”