Comportement de l'enfant arriéré devant le miroir

Shentoub, S.; Soulairac, A; Rustin, E.

doi:10.3406/enfan.1954.1469

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The following are some tentative conclusions we may make: (1) Prevalence among normal babies is between 7 and 17~ (Shentoub & Soulairac, 1961, cited in Green, 1967DeLissavoy, 1961;Sallustro & Atwell, 1978); (2) SIB, when it appears, usually develops in normal infants of 7-8 months and disappears by age 5 (Kravitz & Boehm, 1971); (3) SIB appears to occur more frequently in severely schizophrenic children, perhaps as much as 40~ (Green, 1967;Shodell & Reiter, 1968); (4) SIB among the institutionalized retarded ranges from about 8 to 14% (Maisto, Baumeister, & Maisto, 1978;Ross, 1972;Schroeder, Schroeder, Smith, & Dalldorf, 1978;Soule & O'Brien, 1974;Smeets, 1971;Whitney, 1966, cited by Smeets, 1971); (5) the lower the level of retardation, the more frequent and severe SIB is likely to be (Ross, 1972); (6) SIB is often accompanied by stereotyped behaviors, aggression, communication deficits, and neuropathology; (7) the most frequent SIBs are head banging, usually in combination with biting, scratching, gouging, and hair pulling (head banging seems more prominent among males, biting more among females, and gouging more among the blind); (8) SIB is more prevalent among the severely and profoundly retarded than among the mildly and moderately retarded; (9) SIB is unrelated to chronological age beyond 6 years, but little work is available on the retarded below age 6 since this is often the age of admission to large institutions; (10) SIB cases have been institutionalized longer than other residents; (11) SIB rated severe by institutional staff has a longer chronicity than mild SIB.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Sibmentioning

confidence: 97%

The definition, taxonomy, epidemiology, and ecology of self-injurious behavior

Schroeder

Mulick

Rojahn

1980

J Autism Dev Disord

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The paper is a theoretical analysis of the evolution of the concepts related primarily to the definition and to the antecedents of self-injurious behavior (SIB). It was found that the definition of SIB as currently used contains surplus meanings unrelated to its scientific utility. At present, a restricted definition of SIB is not warranted because its basic parameters have not been studied adequately. Analysis of SIB taxonomies suggests two subclasses of SIB: social and nonsocial. Epidemiological studies of SIB suggest chronic and acute subsamples that differ in organicity, chronicity, and length of institutionalization. Ecological analysis suggests that a variety of antecedent conditions affect rates and topographies of SIB, e.g., ambient environmental conditions, background settings, situational demands, self-restraint, and type of daily routine activity. Implications were drawn for the organization of therapeutic environments, the study of covariation among collateral topographies, the dynamics of SIB responding, and sequential dependencies among SIB and related topographies.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Sibmentioning

confidence: 97%

The definition, taxonomy, epidemiology, and ecology of self-injurious behavior

Schroeder

Mulick

Rojahn

1980

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Salem Shentoub was one of the first to study self-recognition in children with developmental disabilities, including intellectual disability. He described the reaction of “mentally retarded” children in front of the mirror and observed differences in their behaviors compared to typically developing children (Rustin et al, 1954). The reported reactions are varied, ranging from an apparent absence of self-image recognition to complex affective manifestations, including preliminary interactions with the reflection or various stereotyped behaviors.…”

Section: Self-image and The Mirrormentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Self-Consciousness From Self- and Other-Image Recognition in the Mirror: Concepts and Evaluation

et al. 2019

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A historical review of the concepts of self-consciousness is presented, highlighting the important role of the body (particularly, body perception but also body action), and the social other in the construction of self-consciousness. More precisely, body perception, especially intermodal sensory perception including kinesthetic perception, is involved in the construction of a sense of self allowing self-other differentiation. Furthermore, the social other , through very early social and emotional interactions, provides meaning to the infant’s perception and contributes to the development of his/her symbolization capacities. This is a necessary condition for body image representation and awareness of a permanent self in a time-space continuum (invariant over time and space). Self-image recognition impairments in the mirror are also discussed regarding a comprehensive developmental theory of self-consciousness. Then, a neuropsychological and neurophysiological approach to self-consciousness reviews the role of complex brain activation/integration pathways and the mirror neuron system in self-consciousness. Finally, this article offers new perspectives on self-consciousness evaluation using a double mirror paradigm to study self- and other- image and body recognition.

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“…Stone and Church (1968) contended that most children do not learn to recognize themselves in mirrors until around 10 months of age. Shentoub, Soulairac, and Rustin (1954) exposed 15 retarded children, aged 4 to 19 years, to mirrors and found striking examples of other-directed behavior. Many of the children either tried to escape from the reflection or refused to look at it, while others tried to look behind the mirror.…”

Section: Self Versus Other-directed Orientationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirror-image stimulation.

Gallup¹

1968

Psychological Bulletin

181

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The psychological properties of an organism's own reflection in a mirror are analyzed in some detail. Methodological problems associated with mirror research are also discussed. Many organisms are responsive to mirrors, and reflected images are examined in terms of motivational and social stimulus properties which have been found to extend across a wide variety of species. Reinforcing properties of mirrors are interpreted in terms of novel stimulation with social stimulus overtones. Stimulus change and mimicry are 2 of the most prominent characteristics of an organism's mirror image. An animal in front of a mirror is instrumental in producing changes in the behavior of the reflected image, yet most organisms respond to mirrors as if their image represented another animal. In an attempt to conceptualize both the human and animal data, responses to mirrors are dimensionalized into other-directed and selfdirected behaviors. Implications of mirrors for abnormal behavior and psychotherapy are considered briefly.

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Comportement de l'enfant arriéré devant le miroir

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The definition, taxonomy, epidemiology, and ecology of self-injurious behavior

The definition, taxonomy, epidemiology, and ecology of self-injurious behavior

Exploring Self-Consciousness From Self- and Other-Image Recognition in the Mirror: Concepts and Evaluation

Mirror-image stimulation.

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