Composição de ácidos graxos em polpa de frutas nativas do cerrado

Abstract

Dentre as fruteiras do Cerrado brasileiro com forte potencial para a exploração sustentada, encontram-se o araticum (Annona Crassiflora Mart.), o coquinho-azedo (Butia Capitata Mart.) e o pequi (Caryocar Brasiliense Camb.). O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o teor de óleo e o perfil de ésteres metílicos da fração lipídica da polpa dos frutos destas três espécies. Os teores de lipídeos foram determinados por extração contínua a quente com éter de petróleo em extrator tipo Soxhlet. O óleo para perfil de ésteres metílicos foi extraído a frio por Bligh e Dyer e caracterizado por cromatografia a gás, usando detector de ionização de chama. A polpa de pequi apresentou elevados teores de óleo, em média 30,89 %; as polpas de araticum e coquinho-azedo apresentaram, respectivamente, médias de 2,14 e 2,73 % de óleo. Os ácidos graxos oleico e palmítico predominaram nas três espécies, e todas apresentaram prevalência de ácidos graxos insaturados, sendo a maior concentração encontrada no araticum (78,3 %), seguida pelo coquinho-azedo (63,3 %). A polpa de araticum e de coquinho-azedo apresentaram elevados teores de ácido linolênico (2,5 a 3,7%). A presença de ésteres metílicos de ácido caproico parece estar associada à percepção do aroma frutal típico destas frutas do Cerrado.

Chemical and physicochemical characterization of the seed oil from Gefner atemoya

“…Lopes et al (2012) found 66% of oleic acid; 0.24% of vaccemic acid and 0.23% of palmitoleic acid in Annona coriacea pulp oil, therefore, with percentages different from the results of this study. Unsaturated fatty acids with the lowest percentage were cyclopropane-octanoic acid (8:0), with 0.2 and 0.2%, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (18:Δ 9,12 ), known as linoleic acid, with 0.2 and 0.2%.…”

“…The percentage of saturated fatty acids was 33.5 and 34.2%, resulting from the physical and chemical extraction, respectively. Lopes et al (2012) reported a percentage of unsaturated fatty acids of 29.7% in araticum pulp oil, lower than that of this study. The major saturated fatty acids in atemoya seed oil, resulting from chemical and physical extractions, respectively, were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), with 15.0 and 13.4%, known as palmitic acid; octadecenoic acid (18:0), with 14.1 and 14.5%, known as stearic acid.…”

“…Unsaturated fatty acids of oils resulting from physical (66.5%) and chemical (66.7%) extractions were in a higher amount. Atemoya seed oil showed a lower content of unsaturated fatty acids, compared with araticum pulp oil (79.3%), and a higher content than that of the Butia capitata oil (63.8%) (Lopes et al, 2012).…”

“…Unsaturated fatty acids with the lowest percentage were cyclopropane-octanoic acid (8:0), with 0.2 and 0.2%, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (18:Δ 9,12 ), known as linoleic acid, with 0.2 and 0.2%. Lopes et al (2012) found higher contents of linoleic acid (1.55%) in the araticum oil. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was 33.5 and 34.2%, resulting from the physical and chemical extraction, respectively.…”

“…The major saturated fatty acids in atemoya seed oil, resulting from chemical and physical extractions, respectively, were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), with 15.0 and 13.4%, known as palmitic acid; octadecenoic acid (18:0), with 14.1 and 14.5%, known as stearic acid. Lopes et al (2012) reported, in the araticum oil, 10.78% palmitic acid, followed by 6.83% stearic acid, as major saturated acids.…”