Composite Central Face Design—An Approach to Achieve Efficient Alginate Microcarriers

Abstract

Microparticulated drug delivery systems have been used as promising encapsulation systems for protecting drugs for in vitro and in vivo applications, enhancing its stability, providing an increased surface to volume ratio, reducing adverse effects, and hence an improvement in bioavailability. Among the studied microparticles, there is a rising interest in the research of alginate microparticles for pharmaceutical and biomedical fields confirming its potential to be used as an effective matrix for drug and cell delivery. Moreover, calcium alginate has been one of the most extensively forming microparticles in the presence of divalent cations providing prolonged drug release and suitable mucoadhesive properties. Regarding the above mentioned, in this research work, we intended to produce Ca-alginate micro-vehicles through electrospraying, presenting high encapsulation efficiency (EE%), reduced protein release across the time, reduced swelling effect, and high sphericity coefficient. To quickly achieve these characteristics and to perform an optimal combination among the percentage of alginate and CaCl2, design of Experiments was applied. The obtained model presented to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.05), with a coefficient of determination of 0.9207, 0.9197, 0.9499, and 0.9637 for each output (EE%, release, swelling, and sphericity, respectively). Moreover, the optimal point (4% of alginate and 6.6% of CaCl2) was successfully validated.

Functionalization of an Alginate-Based Material by Oxidation and Reductive Amination

“…Alginates are employed industrially for their viscosifying properties, water binding capacities and gelling properties [ 12 ], which correlate with the amount of GG blocks in the polymer chain as well as the presence of divalent cations in the aqueous medium [ 13 ]. These properties have allowed us to widen alginate applications, especially in biomedical areas, including wound healing [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], cell microencapsulation [ 17 , 18 , 19 ] and drug delivery systems [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. However, the main limitation regarding these applications lies especially on low biocompatibility and poor mechanical properties, preventing the utilization of unmodified alginates for sophisticated biomedical areas such as cell immobilization [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Box‐Behnken Design a Key Tool to Achieve Optimized PCL/Gelatin Electrospun Mesh

“…In this case, the R 2 is 0.7686, 0.7722, and 0.8300 for fiber diameter, thickness, and permeability respectively, suggesting that the three models can be used to predict these responses. [ 31,32 ]…”

“…Also, contour lines characterized the level of interaction between two variables, an elliptical form represents the highest zone in 3D surface plots and so, the highest interaction between variables. [ 31,32 ]…”

A Pathway From Porous Particle Technology Toward Tailoring Aerogels for Pulmonary Drug Administration

“…Aerogels produced in the shape of particles are practical in terms of production costs and manufacturing times, as the solvent exchange step and drying of the wet gel are simplified ( Ganesan et al, 2018 ). Biopolymer-based aerogel particles are mainly produced by two different techniques: the dripping method (external gelation) and the emulsification method (internal gelation) ( Ganesan et al, 2018 ; Valente et al, 2019 ; Figure 6 ).…”