Composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF): a better indicator of overall burden of undernutrition among primary school children

Mandal, Gopal Chandra; Bose, Kaushık

doi:10.4038/sljch.v50i2.9553

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is in lined with the previous studies conducted in Ethiopia [61][62][63][64]82] and other low and middle income countries [73][74][75][76][77][78]. Moreover, the household amenities such as media exposure and drinking water from treated sources have an association with the prevalence of the CIAF which is in lined with the studies conduting in different low and middle income countries [34,35,73,[80][81][82]. The presence of comorbidity in the last 2 weeks was positively associated with being undernourished, which is similar with the previous studies [22,84,85].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The anthropometric indices are (1) acute malnutrition (wasting: weight for age: WAZ) (2) chronic undernutrition (stunting: height for age HAZ) and (3) underweight (a composite index of stunting and wasting: weight for height: WHZ). These three anthropometric variables measured through Z-scores were used to compute the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure [32][33][34][35][36]. The CIAF is calculated by aggregating the categories from B through Y, it provides the burden of under-five undernutrition status of children in the population as a single measure, and it helps to detect children with multiple anthropometric failures in the targeted population (Table 1).…”

Section: Outcome Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…indicators simultaneously; insufficient for determining the overall real burden of undernutrition situations among under-five children [19,[32][33][34][35][36]66,[71][72][73][74]. Looking into the global experience, one can see that countries such as China, India, Bangladesh, Malawi, and others have adopted the composite index for anthropometric failure (CIAF) approach to define their under-five child undernutrition status [73][74][75][76][77][78].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial regression models to assess variations of composite index for anthropometric failure across the administrative zones in Ethiopia

Fenta,

Zewotir,

Muluneh

2024

PLoS ONE

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Background There are a number of previous studies that investigated undernutrition and its determinants in Ethiopia. However, the national average in the level of undernutrition conceals large variation across administrative zones of Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to determine the geographic distribution of composite index for anthropometric failure (CIAF) and identify the influencing factors it’ might be more appropriate Methods We used the zonal-level undernutrition data for the under-five children in Ethiopia from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset. Different spatial models were applied to explore the spatial distribution of the CIAF and the covariates. Results The Univariate Moran’s I statistics for CIAF showed spatial heterogeneity of undernutrition in Ethiopian administrative zones. The spatial autocorrelation model (SAC) was the best fit based on the AIC criteria. Results from the SAC model suggested that the CIAF was positively associated with mothers’ illiteracy rate (0.61, pvalue 0.001), lower body mass index (0.92, pvalue = 0.023), and maximum temperature (0.2, pvalue = 0.0231) respectively. However, the CIAF was negatively associated with children without any comorbidity (-0.82, pvalue = 0.023), from families with accessibility of improved drinking water (-0.26, pvalue = 0.012), and minimum temperature (-0.16). Conclusion The CIAF across the administrative zones of Ethiopia is spatially clustered. Improving women’s education, improving drinking water, and improving child breast feeding can reduce the prevalence of undernutrition (CIAF) across Ethiopian administrative zones. Moreover, targeted intervention in the geographical hotspots of CIAF can reduce the burden of CIAF across the administrative zones.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Outcome Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial regression models to assess variations of composite index for anthropometric failure across the administrative zones in Ethiopia

Fenta,

Zewotir,

Muluneh

2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Subsequently, Nandy et al (2005) added the “Y” group, corresponding to underweight children only. CIAF was applied in different countries in Asia (Nandy et al, 2005; Mandal & Bose, 2009; Biswas et al, 2009; Boregowda et al, 2015), Africa (Nandy & Svedberg, 2012; Endris et al, 2017) and Latin America (Nandy & Miranda, 2008; Bejarano et al, 2014; Díez Navarro, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite indexes of anthropometric failure in children under 5 years of age in Argentina: Comparative analysis among regions: 2019–2020

Salazar Burgos,

Longhi,

Marrodán Serrano

2023

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesComposite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and Extended CIAF (ECIAF) allow for the identification of simultaneous presence of two or more types of malnutrition. The objective of this study was to analyze anthropometric failure in Argentinean children under 5 years old, taking into consideration regional and socioeconomic perspectives.Materials and MethodsData from the National Survey of Children and Adolescents MICS 2019–2020 were used, which included 5473 children under 5 years old of both sexes residing in the six regions of Argentina. CIAF and ECIAF excludes children not in anthropometric failure (group A) and was calculated from a percentage of children included in malnutrition categories B: wasting only; C: wasting and underweight; D: wasting, stunting, and underweight; E: stunting and underweight; F: stunting only; Y: underweight only; G: only weight excess; and H: stunting and weight excess. The data were analyzed according to region and wealth quintile.ResultsIn children aged 0–2.99 years, CIAF was 12.5% and ECIAF was 27.7%, with boys being more affected. In children aged 3–4.99 years, the rates were 9.7% and 22.3%, respectively, with girls showing a higher prevalence. The highest ECIAF was recorded in the Patagonia region (31.3%), while the highest ECIAF was observed in the poorest quintile.DiscussionThe presence of double burden of malnutrition has been observed across all regions and household income levels. Additionally, overweight has shown a higher intensity in economically prosperous regions and households, while stunting has been more prevalent in economically disadvantaged areas.

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“…This is because low community maternal education (illiteracy) is the principal cause of childhood malnutrition [39]. Further, in contrast to an illiterate society, educated communities are more knowledgeable about possible childcare practices, have better nurturing, use healthcare services, and have more independence in making decisions [40,41].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of stunting associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: A multi-level ordinal logistic regression analysis

Asgedom,

Seifu,

Mare

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Stunting is a major public health problem affecting more than one-third of under five year’s old children in Ethiopia. It has short and long (irreversible) consequences, including stunted growth, never reaching physical and cognitive potential, struggles in school, and increased morbidity and mortality due to infections. Though stunting is the leading cause of child mortality in Ethiopia, evidence is scarce on the prevalence and predictors of stunting among under-five years old children in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of stunting severity among under-5 children in Ethiopia. Materials and methods This study was based on 2019 Mini-Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A weighted total sample of 4972 under-five years old children was included in the study. Height measurement was collected for each child. Anthropometric indicator, height-for-age was determined for children using World Health Organization growth standards (Z-scores for Height-for-Age (HAZ)) to asses stunting level. Given the ordinal nature of stunting and the hierarchical nature of EDHS data, a multilevel ordinal logistic regression model was applied. Brant test was used to check the proportional odds assumption, which was satisfied (P-value ≥0.05). Moreover, deviance was used for model comparison. For the multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value ≤0.2 in the bivariable analysis were considered. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported as associated factor to the severity levels of stunting in the multivariable multilevel proportional odds model. Results The overall prevalence of stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia was 35.7% [95% CI: 34.4%, 37.1%]. Of these, 12.1% were severely stunted, and 24.9% were moderately stunted. Being male [AOR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.93], children aged 6–23 months [AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.84, 3.07], ≥ 24 months [AOR = 4.15, 95% CI: 3.26, 5.28], children whose maternal age 15–24 years [AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.92], children from the poorest, poorer, middle, and richer household wealth were [AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.57], [AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.31], [AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.44], and [AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.17], children whose maternal educational status of no formal education and primary education had [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.82], [AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.60], Tigray [AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.78, 4.86], Afar [AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.10], Amhara [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.14] and Harari [AOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.25]regions, low community maternal education [AOR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.92] were significantly associated with stunting severity levelling. Conclusion Stunting among children under five years of old in Ethiopia remains a major public health issue. Improving access to maternal education is related to appropriate child feeding practices and health, particularly in younger and uneducated mothers. Strengthening the family’s wealth status is also recommended to reduce stunting. In addition, it is better to support strategies of preconception care for mothers during pregnancy to reduce stunting in the long term.

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Composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF): a better indicator of overall burden of undernutrition among primary school children

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Spatial regression models to assess variations of composite index for anthropometric failure across the administrative zones in Ethiopia

Spatial regression models to assess variations of composite index for anthropometric failure across the administrative zones in Ethiopia

Composite indexes of anthropometric failure in children under 5 years of age in Argentina: Comparative analysis among regions: 2019–2020

Levels of stunting associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: A multi-level ordinal logistic regression analysis

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