Composite modelling of subaerial landslide–tsunamis in different water body geometries and novel insight into slide and wave kinematics

Heller, Valentin; Bruggemann, Mark Alexander; Spinneken, Johannes; Rogers, Benedict D.

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.12.004

Cited by 132 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…More detailed physical insight into selected tests of this study, including forces on the slide surface and wave kinematics, will be presented in Heller et al (2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This required the acquisition of key physical parameters including surface elevation, pressures on the slide front face, particle image velocimetry (PIV) and slide kinematics. The data analysis and interpretation presented herein focuses on surface elevation and slide kinematics, with slide pressures and PIV data being reported in Heller et al (2015).The present data relied on a cable-extension position transducer (Celesco PT5A) to measure the slide kinematics, resistance type wave gauges (Edinburgh Designs WG8) to measure the wave properties and a video camera for optical observations. The position transducer was mounted on the top of the slide ramp and the cable was connected to the rear end of the slides (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the effect of the water body geometry on landslide–tsunamis: Physical insight from laboratory tests and 2D to 3D wave parameter transformation

Heller

Spinneken

2015

Coastal Engineering

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Heller, Valentin and Spinneken, Johannes (2015) On the effect of the water body geometry on landslidetsunamis: physical insight from laboratory tests and 2D to 3D wave parameter transformation. Coastal Engineering, Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34071/1/On%20the%20effect%20of%20the%20water %20body%20geometry%20on%20landslide-tsunamis%20updated%20for %20ResearchGate.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Accepted for publication in Coastal Engineering 104(10), 113-134 (doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.06.006 Abstract: Preliminary landslide-tsunami hazard assessment is commonly based on empirical equations derived from wave channel (2D) or wave basin (3D) experiments. The far-field wave in 2D can easily be an order of magnitude larger than in 3D. The present study systematically investigates the effect of the water body geometry on the wave characteristics in the near-and far-field. Subaerial landslide-tsunami tests were conducted relying upon both a 2D and a 3D physical model, undertaken with identical boundary conditions. The test parameters included two water depths, three rigid slides, as well as various slide release positions. Empirical equations for 3D offshore and laterally onshore wave properties are presented and compared with previous work. A direct comparison of the wave features reveals that the waves decay in 2D, 3D onshore and 3D offshore with x −0.30 , r −0.67 and r −1.0 , where x (2D) and r (3D) describe the distance from the impact zone. In 2D four wave types are observed, whereas only the two least non-linear types were observed in 3D. This finding is further analysed with wavelet spectra. For a large slide Froude number F, relative slide 2 thickness S and relative slide mass M, the 3D wave heights in the slide impact zone can be as large as in 2D. However, for small F, S and M, the 3D waves are considerably smaller both in the near-and far-field. A novel method is presented and validated to transform data from 2D studies to 3D. This method may have favourable implications on preliminary landslidetsunami hazard assessment.Keywords: Hazard assessment; Impulse wave; Landslide-tsunami; Physical modeling; Water waves; Wave generation. Introduction OverviewLandslide-tsunamis are generated by mass m...

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“…More detailed physical insight into selected tests of this study, including forces on the slide surface and wave kinematics, will be presented in Heller et al (2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the effect of the water body geometry on landslide–tsunamis: Physical insight from laboratory tests and 2D to 3D wave parameter transformation

Heller

Spinneken

2015

Coastal Engineering

Self Cite

123

119

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“…have developed empirical models from laboratory simulations and/or field data of avalanche and landslide generated waves (e.g., Kamphuis and Bowering, 1970;Voight, 1979 and1982;Fritz et al, 2004;Heller and Hager, 2010), but many of the laboratory models use simplified geometries (Heller et al, 2016). Numerical simulations of slide-generated waves have been primarily focused on two-dimensional simulations and simple arrangements (e.g., Rzadkierwicz et al, 1997;Zweifel et al, 2007;Biscarini, 2010;Cremonesi et al, 2011;Ataie-5 Ashtiani et al, 2011;Ghozlani et al, 2013); but, the two-dimensional shallow water equations (SWE) may not be appropriate for slide-generated waves because of the role that vertical accelerations play in the wave dynamics (Heinrich, 1992;Zweifel et al, 2007).…”

Section: Impulse Waves Generated From Avalanches and Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical simulations of slide-generated waves have been primarily focused on two-dimensional simulations and simple arrangements (e.g., Rzadkierwicz et al, 1997;Zweifel et al, 2007;Biscarini, 2010;Cremonesi et al, 2011;Ataie-5 Ashtiani et al, 2011;Ghozlani et al, 2013); but, the two-dimensional shallow water equations (SWE) may not be appropriate for slide-generated waves because of the role that vertical accelerations play in the wave dynamics (Heinrich, 1992;Zweifel et al, 2007). Recent developments in numerical simulations of landslide-generated waves include simulation of multi-phase flows, including a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes Volume of Fluid model (Abadie et al, 2010), a two-phase debris flow model (Kafle et al, 2016), and the application of Smoothed Particle 10 Hydrodynamics (SPH) models (Heller et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016). However, these studies still focus on simple cases and geometries rather than real-world scenarios.…”

Section: Impulse Waves Generated From Avalanches and Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake simulations of avalanche-generated impulse wave dynamics for potential GLOF scenarios at Lake Palcacocha, Peru

Chisolm

McKinney

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. This paper studies the lake dynamics for avalanche-triggered glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the Cordillera Blanca mountain range in Ancash, Peru. As new glacial lakes emerge and existing lakes continue to 10 grow, they pose an increasing risk of GLOFs that can be catastrophic to the communities living downstream. In this work, Lake Palcacocha is used as a case study to analyze the upper watershed processes that typically comprise a GLOF event, specifically the lake dynamics when an avalanche produces a large tsunami-like wave that might overtop and erode the lake-damming moraine. Dynamics of avalanche-generated impulse waves were investigated through three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake simulations of potential GLOF scenarios at Lake Palcacocha, Peru. 15Wave generation from avalanche impact was simulated using two different boundary condition methods.Representation of an avalanche as water flowing into the lake generally resulted in higher peak flows and overtopping volumes than simulating the avalanche impact as mass-momentum inflow at the lake boundary. Three different scenarios of avalanche size were simulated for the current lake conditions, and all resulted in significant overtopping of the lake-damming moraine. The lake model was evaluated for sensitivity to turbulence model and 20 grid resolution, and the uncertainty due to these model parameters is significantly less than that due to avalanche boundary condition characteristics. Although the lake model introduces significant uncertainty, the avalanche portion of the GLOF process chain is the greatest source of uncertainty. To aid in evaluation of hazard mitigation alternatives, two scenarios of lake lowering were investigated. While large avalanches produced significant overtopping waves for all lake-lowering scenarios, simulations suggest that it may be possible to contain waves 25 generated from smaller avalanches if the surface of the lake is lowered.

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Tsunamis generated by long and thin granular landslides in a large flume

et al. 2017

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In this experimental study, granular material is released down slope to investigate landslide‐generated waves. Starting with a known volume and initial position of the landslide source, detailed data are obtained on the velocity and thickness of the granular flow, the shape and location of the submarine landslide deposit, the amplitude and shape of the near‐field wave, the far‐field wave evolution, and the wave runup elevation on a smooth impermeable slope. The experiments are performed on a 6.7 m long 30° slope on which gravity accelerates the landslides into a 2.1 m wide and 33.0 m long wave flume that terminates with a 27° runup ramp. For a fixed landslide volume of 0.34 m3, tests are conducted in a range of still water depths from 0.05 to 0.50 m. Observations from high‐speed cameras and measurements from wave probes indicate that the granular landslide moves as a long and thin train of material, and that only a portion of the landslide (termed the “effective mass”) is engaged in activating the leading wave. The wave behavior is highly dependent on the water depth relative to the size of the landslide. In deeper water, the near‐field wave behaves as a stable solitary‐like wave, while in shallower water, the wave behaves as a breaking dissipative bore. Overall, the physical model observations are in good agreement with the results of existing empirical equations when the effective mass is used to predict the maximum near‐field wave amplitude, the far‐field amplitude, and the runup of tsunamis generated by granular landslides.

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Composite modelling of subaerial landslide–tsunamis in different water body geometries and novel insight into slide and wave kinematics

Cited by 132 publications

References 67 publications

On the effect of the water body geometry on landslide–tsunamis: Physical insight from laboratory tests and 2D to 3D wave parameter transformation

On the effect of the water body geometry on landslide–tsunamis: Physical insight from laboratory tests and 2D to 3D wave parameter transformation

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake simulations of avalanche-generated impulse wave dynamics for potential GLOF scenarios at Lake Palcacocha, Peru

Tsunamis generated by long and thin granular landslides in a large flume

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