Composite of [HA/PMMA] for 3D-printer material application

Abstract

Abstract. Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are among biomaterials that individually has been used in bone defect restoration. Pure HA powder is bioactive and biocompatible material, but it was difficult to be shaped into certain geometry as needed in many cases of restoration. While, PMMA may cause necrosis at the bonecement interface due to the heat released during polymerization. In shaping technology, a 3D Printer technology is capable to cope a complex geometry and shape, but it is recently only dedicated for the non-medical application. In this study, HA was composed with PMMA to form biocomposite that potentially applicable as a feeder material of the 3D Printer. PMMA powder was blended with various concentration of MMA liquid (40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% v/w) to form PMMA pasta. This pasta was then composed of HA (powder) in various ratios (10, 20 and 30% w/w) and cast into a specimen mold. Tests were performed to observe diametral tensile strength and solidification time relevant to the need of printing application. Results show that increasing MMA within PMMA could make longer solidification time and reduce its tensile strength. Although, HA within PMMA may reduce the composite tensile strength, but it could improve its solidification time and important to improve its bioactive and osteoconductivity and even to speed up solidification process that needed in faster printing.

Three-Dimensional Printing of Hydroxyapatite Composites for Biomedical Application

“…However, there are several disadvantages for PMMA, such as brittleness and release of heat during polymerization, which can lead to necrosis at the bone cement interface. Thus, PMMA needs to be further modified to improve its formation and ameliorate stress shielding [195]. In another study by Tontowi et al [195], PMMA powder was blended with methyl methacrylate (MMA) liquid to obtain PMMA pasta first, such that the PMMA pasta composited with HA nanopowder could be used for 3D printing.…”

Influence of Rainfall Spatial Distribution on Total Suspended Solid (TSS in Ci lutung Watershed

“…Assuming that TSS would increase with turbidity intensities as stated by [11], the relation between TSS and turbidity was evaluated. TSS concentration is proportional to the increase of turbidity and inversely proportional to the water brightness.…”

Fabrication and characterization of PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposite 3D printing filaments

“…As a base in dental materials, there are a number of studies related to PMMA composites and polymer blends as printing materials, such as PMMA/hydroxyapatite-zirconia, PMMA-based denture, PMMA/hydroxyapatite, PMMA/TiO2 based denture, PMMA/silica filaments. [1,2,[14][15][16][17] Alshaikh et al [1] prepared 3Dprinting denture base (acrylic resin) without and with the addition of 1-5 wt.% of silane-modified ZrO2 nanoparticles, the specimens were printed in a rectangular shape via UV curing 3D-printing method and then using the same polishing procedure. Their study revealed that heat-polymerized acrylic resin showed higher mechanical properties when compared with those of the unmodified 3D-printed resins, however, the addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties of 3D-printed resins.…”

“…As a base in dental materials, there are a number of studies related to PMMA composites and polymer blends as printing materials, such as PMMA/hydroxyapatite‐zirconia, PMMA‐based denture, PMMA/hydroxyapatite, PMMA/TiO 2 based denture, PMMA/silica filaments. [ 1,2,14‐17 ] Alshaikh et al . [ 1 ] prepared 3D‐printing denture base (acrylic resin) without and with the addition of 1‐5 wt.% of silane‐modified ZrO 2 nanoparticles, the specimens were printed in a rectangular shape via UV curing 3D‐printing method and then using the same polishing procedure.…”