Composite reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes

Petersen, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/0376-7388(93)80014-o

Cited by 1,630 publications

(905 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…The NF membrane exhibits salt rejection typical of charged membranes [38]. As expected, divalent ions are rejected better than are monovalent ions.…”

Section: Membrane Permeability and Selectivitysupporting

confidence: 70%

Fouling of nanofiltration membranes

1998

Membrane Technology

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The role of chemical and physical interactions in natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of nanofiltration membranes is systematically investigated. Results of fouling experiments with three humic acids demonstrate that membrane fouling increases with increasing electrolyte (NaC1) concentration, decreasing solution pH, and addition of divalent cations (Ca2+). At fixed solution ionic strength, the presence of calcium ions, at concentrations typical of those found in natural waters, has a marked effect on membrane fouling. Divalent cations interact specifically with humic carboxyl functional groups and, thus, substantially reduce humic charge and the electrostatic repulsion between humic macromolecules. Reduced NOM interchain repulsion results in increased NOM deposition on the membrane surface and formation of a densely packed fouling layer. In addition to the aforementioned chemical effects, results show that NOM fouling rate increases substantially with increasing initial permeation rate. It is demonstrated that the rate of fouling is controlled by an interplay between permeation drag and electrostatic double layer repulsion; that is, NOM fouling of NF membranes involves interrelationship (coupling) between physical and chemical interactions. The addition of a strong chelating agent (EDTA) to feed water reduces NOM fouling significantly by removing free and NOM-complexed calcium ions. EDTA treatment of NOM-fouled membranes also improves the cleaning efficiency dramatically by disrupting the fouling layer structure through a ligand exchange reaction between EDTA and NOM-calcium complexes.

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“…The NF membrane exhibits salt rejection typical of charged membranes [38]. As expected, divalent ions are rejected better than are monovalent ions.…”

Section: Membrane Permeability and Selectivitysupporting

confidence: 70%

Fouling of nanofiltration membranes

1998

Membrane Technology

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“…The struggle for potable water is an all-day problem in many areas of our planet and with the number of people living in these regions still increasing, this problem is increasing [1]. Membrane technologies, such as nanofiltration (NF) or tight ultrafiltration (UF), are key for decentralizing industrial and domestic water treatment aiming at the removal of various contaminants, which are vital for providing clean water [2,3]. Commercially available membranes used for this purpose are usually produced from polymers derived from fossil resources [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose nanopapers as tight aqueous ultra-filtration membranes

Mautner

Lee

Tammelin

et al. 2015

Reactive and Functional Polymers

168

114

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“…Cadotte's significant work was with thin film composite membranes (Cadotte, 1977;Cadotte et al, 1981, Petersen, 1993 based on preparation of asymmetric polysulfone membranes and the coating of crosslinked polyamide via interfacial polymerization on them (Morgan, 1965). The crosslinked polyamide formation was carried out using 1,3-phenylene diamine and trimesoyl chloride.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to prepare tfc polyamide membranes by coating diamine during, and/or post formation of asymmetric membranes and their performances

Joshi

Singh

Bhattacharya

2011

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Thin film composite membranes were prepared by using1,3-phenylene diamine in the gelation bath as well as in coating conditions. The cross-sectional view of the membranes shows different patterns for membranes prepared in a water-bath (Mem-I) and a diamine-containing water bath (Mem-II). The thin film composite membranes prepared using a diamine bath and coating (Mem-III) had improved salt rejecting ability but low volume flux. The performances of the salt rejection follows the order Na 2 SO 4 > NaCl > MgSO 4 > MgCl 2 , as expected. The salt separation performances of the membranes made with higher concentration of 1,3 phenylene diamine follow the order Mem-IIIb > Mem-I > Mem-IIb. For membranes made with low concentration of 1,3-phenylene diamine, the salt separation follows the same trend, (Mem-IIIa > Mem-IIa).

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Composite reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes

Cited by 1,630 publications

References 120 publications

Fouling of nanofiltration membranes

Fouling of nanofiltration membranes

Cellulose nanopapers as tight aqueous ultra-filtration membranes

Approaches to prepare tfc polyamide membranes by coating diamine during, and/or post formation of asymmetric membranes and their performances

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