Composites polyvinyl alcohol filled with nanocellulose from oil palm waste by formic acid hydrolysis

Abstract

Composites polyvinyl alcohol filled with nanocellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and oil palm fronds (OPF) have investigated. Nanocellulose prepared by formic acid 50 wt%. Functional groups and degree of crystalline of nanocellulose were analyzed by FTIR and XRD. The degree of crystalline nanocellulose presented at 2θ at intensity of 22.26 and 21.86 for OPEFB and OPF. Amorphous part of nanocellulose at intensity of 14.68 and 15.86 for OPEFB and OPF. Functional group of nanocellulose give the same pattern for OPEFB and OPF. Nanocellulose reinforce in polyvinyl alcohol as many as 1, 5, 10 and 20% and as a comparison with polyvinyl alcohol without filler. Eight of composite films and one of vinyl alcohol film have studied mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break, and also functional groups. The tensile strength of OPF 5% and 10% increased than polyvinyl alcohol matrix. Tensile strength OPEFB 10% slightly increase from polyvinyl alcohol. The elongation of composites both OPEFB and OPF decreased with increased of nanocellulose loading.

Formulation optimization of bionanocomposite film based on polyvinyl alcohol/glycerol/cellulose nanocrystal from pineapple crown leave fibers using response surface methodology

“…The bond hydrogen between the group of O-H in the CNC and the PVA matrix is the main reason for improving the adhesion between phases, which results in good interactions between the bionanocomposite substance of the film [16]. Similar results were also reported by earlier research using nanocellulose from palm oil waste, corn cobs, and durian bark fibers as fillers in PVA films [4,17,18]. Although, a decrease slightly was seen when the filler concentration increased to 7%, possibly due to poor dispersion.…”

“…Films produced from polyvinyl alcohol also have useful qualities that make them desirable for packaging applications, including transparency, flexibility, and a great barrier against oxygen absorption. Polyvinyl alcohol was successfully used as a primary matrix based film in previous studies [4]. However, there were still some problems with prior works.…”