Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot, Cornus mas L. and Chaenomeles superba Lindl. Leaf Extracts

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition of leaf extracts from Aronia melanocarpa, Chaenomeles superba, and Cornus mas, and their antimicrobial activity against typical spoilage-causing and pathogenic bacteria found in meat and meat products. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) was detected in C. superba extract, followed by C. mas and A. melanocarpa extracts. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was measured by DPPH and ABTS assays. The lowest IC50 values were found for C. superba extract, followed by C. mas and A. melanocarpa extracts. LC-MS and HPLC analysis revealed that A. melanocarpa and C. superba extracts contained hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids (mainly flavonols). Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were detected in the C. mas extract, as well as flavonols, ellagitannins, and iridoids. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Moraxella osloensis, Pseudomonas fragi, Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella enterica) and Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Lactobacillus sakei, Listeria monocytogenes) using the microculture method. The extracts acted as bacteriostatic agents, decreasing the growth rate (µmax) and extending the lag phase (tlag). C. mas showed most potent antibacterial activity, as confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA).

Cornus mas L. Stones: A Valuable by-Product as an Ellagitannin Source with High Antioxidant Potential

“…Ellagitannins 8 and 10 , provided [M − 2H] −2 at m/z = 708.0688 and [M − H] − at m/z = 1417.1549, which were identified as two anomers or other isomers of camptothin A, a dimer in which gemin D and isocoriariin F constitute monomers [ 30 , 33 ]. Compounds 17 , 23 , 24 , 25, and 28 gave two ions, [M − 2H] −2 at m / z = 784.0729 and [M − H] − at m/z = 1569.1556, which indicated five isomers of galloyl-camptothin A known as cornusiin A [ 29 , 31 , 33 ].…”

“…Ellagitannins 8 and 10 , provided [M − 2H] −2 at m/z = 708.0688 and [M − H] − at m/z = 1417.1549, which were identified as two anomers or other isomers of camptothin A, a dimer in which gemin D and isocoriariin F constitute monomers [ 30 , 33 ]. Compounds 17 , 23 , 24 , 25, and 28 gave two ions, [M − 2H] −2 at m / z = 784.0729 and [M − H] − at m/z = 1569.1556, which indicated five isomers of galloyl-camptothin A known as cornusiin A [ 29 , 31 , 33 ]. In addition, two isomers of cornusiin A ( 17 , 23 ) fragmented to the ion at m / z 1417, after the loss of galloyl, but all its isomers detached a fragment of monomeric ellagitannins such as gemin D (at m / z 633) and tellimagrandin I (at m / z 785), which indicated that the compound consisted of these structures, as well as a fragment (at m / z 783) of oenothein C or dehydrated isocoriariin F (from 802 − 18 = 784) [ 26 , 29 , 31 ], the ion at m / z 935 corresponding to the fragment formed after loss of HHDP, galloyl, and glucose (e.g., gemin D).…”

“…Compounds 12 , 15 , 18, and 21 , 26 , and 27 describe isomers of trimeric ellagitannins, cornusiin F and cornusiin C, respectively, both of which we identified in the extract at three spatial forms [ 31 , 33 ]. Compound 34 was trapanin A [ 41 ].…”

“…(Nyssaceae) and fruits of C. officinalis [ 29 , 31 ]. In the most recent paper, Efenberger-Szmechtyk et al [ 33 ] reported the presence of four isomers of camptothin A and two isomers of cornusiin A in the leaves of C. mas . Herein, we identified five isomers of cornusiin A.…”

“…However, ellagic acid, a marker of hydrolyzable ellagitannins, was found in both Cornus species, and therefore it could possibly indicate the presence of ellagitannins in C. mas [ 5 , 7 , 27 ]. Moreover, Efenberger-Szmechtyk et al [ 33 ], identified some ellagitannins in the leaves of C. mas . To our knowledge, there are no studies on the identification of tannins in C. mas stones and no works which have addressed their health promoting characteristics.…”