Composition and functionality of bee pollen: A review

Thakur, Mamta; Nanda, Vikas

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.001

Cited by 226 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 135 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

159

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, the band at 1636.50 cm −1 (crude pollen) and 1634.77 cm −1 (defatted pollen) also corresponded to vibrations (bending) of the O-H group [45]. The presence of these bands was expected, as previous studies reported that fresh pollen had moisture content between 7% and 30% [46]. In the region 3000-2850 cm −1 , the peaks that were identified in the spectra of the samples were assigned to symmetric and asymmetric stretching of C-H due to the presence of carbohydrates (mainly cellulose) and lipids [44,47].…”

Section: Ft-ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 62%

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Crude Pollen

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from crude pollen by an ultrasonic process. Prior to the polyphenols extraction, the crude pollen was defatted. The extraction from defatted pollen was carried out by varying four extraction parameters: ultrasonic amplitude (20%, 60% and 100%), solid/liquid ratio (10 g/L, 20 g/L and 30 g/L), temperature (35, 50 and 65 °C) and time (10, 20 and 30 min). The extracts were analyzed in terms of extraction yield (%), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavones content (TFC). The extracted oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids composition; myristic acid (159.1 µg × g−1) and cis-14-pentadecenoic acid (106.6 µg·g−1) were found in the highest amount in the pollen oil. The optimum conditions of extraction were determined and were, as follows: 100% amplitude of ultrasonic treatment, 30 g/L solid/liquid ratio, 40.85 °C and 14.30 min, which led to the extraction of 366.1 mg GAE/L of TPC and 592.2 mg QE/g of TFC, and also to an extraction yield of 1.92%.

show abstract

Section: Ft-ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 62%

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Crude Pollen

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The presence of several species in beebread is due to numerous factors including the host itself, the environment as well as the flowers [ 16 , 49 , 50 ]. In particular, the high presence of fructophilic LAB (FLAB) species could be due to the specific acacia pollen characterized by a high frucotse/glucose ratio [ 51 , 52 ]. In fact, F. fructosus and Al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter- and Intra-Species Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Apis mellifera ligustica Colonies

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lactic acid bacteria could positively affect the health of honey bees, including nutritional supplementation, immune system development and pathogen colonization resistance. Based on these considerations the present study evaluated predominant Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) species from beebread as well as from the social stomach and midgut of Apis mellifera ligustica honey bee foragers. In detail, for each compartment, the diversity in species and biotypes was ascertained through multiple culture-dependent approaches, consisting of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR). The study of a lactic acid bacteria community, performed with PCR-DGGE and sequence analysis targeting the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA), highlighted the presence of a few species, including Apilactobacillus kunkeei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Fructobacillus fructosus, Levilactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis. Depending on the different compartments, diverse levels of biodiversity in species were found. Particularly, a very low inter-species biodiversity was detected in the midgut that was prevalently dominated by the presence of Apilactobacillus kunkeei. On the other hand, the beebread was characterized by a reasonable biodiversity showing the presence of five species and the predominance of Apilactobacillus kunkeei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Fructobacillus fructosus. The RAPD-PCR analysis performed on the three predominant species allowed the differentiation into several biotypes for each species. Moreover, a relationship between biotypes and compartments has been detected and each biotype was able to express a specific biochemical profile. The biotypes that populated the social stomach and midgut were able to metabolize sugars considered toxic for bees while those isolated from beebread could contribute to release useful compounds with functional properties. Based on this knowledge, new biotechnological approaches could be developed to improve the health of honey bees and the quality of bee products.

show abstract

“…Other major elements include proteins and essential amino acids (5–60%), unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (0.15–31.26%), crude fiber (0.3–20%), nucleic acids (especially RNA), and various minerals (e.g., potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron) [ 36 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ]. In addition, its average total phenolic content is 30.59 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, but again it varies considerably based on floral origin (0.69–213.20 mg GAE/g) [ 86 ]. Moreover, bee pollen is abundant in both water- and fat-soluble vitamins e.g., β-carotene (vitamin A precursor), ascorbic acid (C), tocopherol (E), folic acid (B9), and other vitamin B, especially niacin.…”

Section: Apitherapy As a Possible Complementary Treatment For Sarcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this finding denotes that propolis could have enhanced the delivery of amino acids available in milk to skeletal muscle leading to its growth. Altogether, it is likely that the observed anabolic effects of royal jelly and bee pollen are associated with their high content of proteins and amino acids [ 32 , 36 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Royal Jelly Bee Pollen and Propmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Panels ( A , B ) describe the composition and the biological properties of royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis. Thanks to their rich structure (which consists of proteins, polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements) [ 2 , 28 , 37 , 49 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 68 , 80 , 86 ], these bee substances demonstrate a wide range of therapeutic activities such as counteracting inflammation and oxidative stress, in addition to many others [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 43 , 45 , 63 , 83 ]. Panel ( C ) summarizes the effects of royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis on skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Apitherapy for Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction (Sarcopenia): A Review on the Effects of Royal Jelly, Propolis, and Bee Pollen

Ali

Kunugi

2020

Foods

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The global pandemic of sarcopenia, skeletal muscle loss and weakness, which prevails in up to 50% of older adults is increasing worldwide due to the expansion of aging populations. It is now striking young and midlife adults as well because of sedentary lifestyle and increased intake of unhealthy food (e.g., western diet). The lockdown measures and economic turndown associated with the current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are likely to increase the prevalence of sarcopenia by promoting sedentarism and unhealthy patterns of eating. Sarcopenia has multiple detrimental effects including falls, hospitalization, disability, and institutionalization. Although a few pharmacological agents (e.g., bimagrumab, sarconeos, and exercise mimetics) are being explored in different stages of trials, not a single drug has been approved for sarcopenia treatment. Hence, research has focused on testing the effect of nutraceuticals, such as bee products, as safe treatments to prevent and/or treat sarcopenia. Royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen are common bee products that are rich in highly potent antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, and amino acids. These products, in order, stimulate larval development into queen bees, promote defenses of the bee hive against microbial and environmental threats, and increase royal jelly production by nurse bees. Thanks to their versatile pharmacological activities (e.g., anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, etc.), these products have been used to treat multiple chronic conditions that predispose to muscle wasting such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorder, and cancer, to name a few. They were also used in some evolving studies to treat sarcopenia in laboratory animals and, to a limited degree, in humans. However, a collective understanding of the effect and mechanism of action of these products in skeletal muscle is not well-developed. Therefore, this review examines the literature for possible effects of royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis on skeletal muscle in aged experimental models, muscle cell cultures, and humans. Collectively, data from reviewed studies denote varying levels of positive effects of bee products on muscle mass, strength, and function. The likely underlying mechanisms include amelioration of inflammation and oxidative damages, promotion of metabolic regulation, enhancement of satellite stem cell responsiveness, improvement of muscular blood supply, inhibition of catabolic genes, and promotion of peripheral neuronal regeneration. This review offers suggestions for other mechanisms to be explored and provides guidance for future trials investigating the effects of bee products among people with sarcopenia.

show abstract

Composition and functionality of bee pollen: A review

Cited by 226 publications

References 135 publications

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Crude Pollen

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Crude Pollen

Inter- and Intra-Species Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Apis mellifera ligustica Colonies

Apitherapy for Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction (Sarcopenia): A Review on the Effects of Royal Jelly, Propolis, and Bee Pollen

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About