Composition and provenance of turbidite sands: Late quaternary, Madeira Abyssal Plain

Pearce, Timothy J.; Jarvis, Ian

doi:10.1016/0025-3227(92)90219-8

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Stratigraphic correlation of turbidites can be straightforward if such criteria as color, texture, geochemical composition, or fossil assemblages are distinctive enough (e.g., Pilkey et al 1980;Pearce and Jarvis 1992;Weaver et al 1992). Such is not the case for depositional sites on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge.…”

Section: Evolution Of Turbidite Systems On the Ridge Flankmentioning

confidence: 97%

Provenance, Stratigraphic Architecture, and Hydrogeologic Influence of Turbidites on the Mid-Ocean Ridge Flank of Northwestern Cascadia Basin, Pacific Ocean

Underwood¹,

Hoke²,

Fisher³

et al. 2005

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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The northwestern edge of Cascadia Basin (North Pacific Ocean) is unusual because late Pliocene to Holocene turbidites lap onto juvenile oceanic crust of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Subsidence of the ridge flank combines with irregular westward progradation of the turbidite facies to create a stratigraphic section that coarsens and thickens upward. The sand provenance is mixed. Individual turbidity currents have funneled into the area through several shelf-slope and abyssalfloor conduits, including Vancouver Valley, Juan de Fuca Channel, Barkley Canyon, and Nitinat Canyon. Local bathymetric blockage, deflection and reflection of flow paths by basement relief, remobilization by intrabasinal submarine slides and debris flows, episodic channel switching, and sporadic overbank flooding have combined to produce erratic recurrence intervals for the turbidity currents. Only the tallest basement highs have remained isolated from turbidite deposition during the last 500,000 years. Spatial and temporal differences in sediment accumulation are important because they modulate the three-dimensional responses of compaction and consolidation. Those changes in physical properties govern where and when hydraulic communication with the underlying basement shuts down. The basal hemipelagic layer of Cascadia Basin transforms to an effective hydrologic seal (seepage rates Ͻ 1 mm/yr) once the sediment-basalt interface is buried by 100-150 m of strata. Rapid accumulation of turbidites, therefore, accelerates the hydrogeologic conversion of igneous basement from open to sealed.

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Section: Evolution Of Turbidite Systems On the Ridge Flankmentioning

confidence: 97%

Provenance, Stratigraphic Architecture, and Hydrogeologic Influence of Turbidites on the Mid-Ocean Ridge Flank of Northwestern Cascadia Basin, Pacific Ocean

Underwood¹,

Hoke²,

Fisher³

et al. 2005

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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“…The variations in turbidite basal sands across the plain have been discussed by Weaver and Rothwell (1987), Jones et al 0992) and Rothwell et al 0992). Figure 42.4 shows detailed grain size data for turbidite G which has an entry point in the NE of the plain and a volcaniclastic composition indicating derivation from the Canary Islands (Pearce and Jarvis 1992). The coarse basal layers thicken towards the NE of the plain and reach 60cm in core D11813; no coarse basallayers were found in cores D10698 and D11812 from the SE part of the plain.…”

Section: Madeira Abyssal Plain Turbiditesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This correlation was determined from a core transect across the edge of the debris flow (Figs 42.8 and 42.9) which shows the debris flow to have been deposited within the basal coarse layers of the turbidite. The B turbidite is rich in volcanogenic material and has a Canary Island origin (Pearce and Jarvis 1992) and is apparently from the same source as the Canary Debris Flow. This being the case, the debris flow must have travelled only slightly slower than the turbidity current, arriving at the plain after deposition of 47 cm of basal turbidite silt and sand.…”

Section: Correlation Between Turbidite and Debris Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment mass wasting in the Canary Basin

Weaver

Masson

Gunn

et al. 1995

Atlas of Deep Water Environments

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“…Studies in Madeira Abyssal Plain identified only two major volcaniclastic turbidites in the last 300 ka: these are the authors' beds b (∼15 ka) and g (originally dated at ∼190 ka below an erosive base) [ Weaver et al , 1992]. The provenance of these beds was investigated utilizing bulk geochemistry of turbidite muds and sand fraction petrography [ de Lange et al , 1987; Pearce and Jarvis , 1992, 1995]. Bed g (representing the Icod turbidite) in Madeira Abyssal Plain was found to contain phonolitic glasses and had a fractionated volcanic geochemical signature [ Pearce and Jarvis , 1992].…”

Section: Previous Work On Tenerife Landslides and Their Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentological and geochemical evidence for multistage failure of volcanic island landslides: A case study from Icod landslide on north Tenerife, Canary Islands

Hunt¹,

Wynn²,

Masson³

et al. 2011

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

176

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[1] Volcanic island landslides can pose a significant geohazard through landslide-generated tsunamis. However, a lack of direct observations means that factors influencing tsunamigenic potential of landslides remain poorly constrained. The study of distal turbidites generated from past landslides can provide useful insights into key aspects of the landslide dynamics and emplacement process, such as total event volume and whether landslides occurred as single or multiple events. The northern flank of Tenerife has undergone multiple landslide events, the most recent being the Icod landslide dated at $165 ka. The Icod landslide generated a turbidite with a deposit volume of $210 km 3 , covering 355,000 km 2 of seafloor off northwest Africa. The Icod turbidite architecture displays a stacked sequence of seven normally graded sand and mud intervals (named subunits SBU1-7). Evidence from subunit bulk geochemistry, volume, basal grain size, volcanic glass composition and sand mineralogy, combined with petrophysical and geophysical data, suggests that the subunit facies represents multistage retrogressive failure of the Icod landslide. The basal subunits (SBU1-3) indicate that the first three stages of the landslide had a submarine component, whereas the upper subunits (SBU4-7) originated above sea level. The presence of thin, non-bioturbated, mud intervals between subunit sands suggests a likely time interval of at least several days between each stage of failure. These results have important implications for tsunamigenesis from such landslides, as multistage retrogressive failures, separated by several days and with both a submarine and subaerial component, will have markedly lower tsunamigenic potential than a single-block failure.

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Composition and provenance of turbidite sands: Late quaternary, Madeira Abyssal Plain

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Provenance, Stratigraphic Architecture, and Hydrogeologic Influence of Turbidites on the Mid-Ocean Ridge Flank of Northwestern Cascadia Basin, Pacific Ocean

Provenance, Stratigraphic Architecture, and Hydrogeologic Influence of Turbidites on the Mid-Ocean Ridge Flank of Northwestern Cascadia Basin, Pacific Ocean

Sediment mass wasting in the Canary Basin

Sedimentological and geochemical evidence for multistage failure of volcanic island landslides: A case study from Icod landslide on north Tenerife, Canary Islands

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