Composition and structural features of two Permian parareptile (Deltavjatia vjatkensis, Kotelnich Site, Russia) bone fragments and their alteration during fossilisation

Киселева, Д. В.; Shilovsky, O. P.; Shagalov, E. S.; Ryanskaya, Anastasia D.; Chervyakovskaya, M. V.; Pankrushina, Elizaveta A.; Cherednichenko, Nadezhda

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.04.015

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The increased electron density of the matrix surrounding the melanosomes in the treatment 1 experimental feather (60º C, three years) might therefore be indicative of condensation reactions producing N-heterocyclic polymers. If degradation of original biomolecules and subsequent polymerization of their products can occur without a loss of structural fidelity to the overall soft tissue, then these thermally stable polymers could explain the structural preservation reported by Schweitzer et al (2018) as has been suggested in fossil bone soft tissues (Wiemann et al, 2018; with similar organic signatures reported by Kiseleva et al [2019] and Ullmann et al [2019]). However, note that issues of potential biofilm infiltration into bones still remain (Kaye et al, 2008;Saitta et al, 2019).…”

Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 65%

A perspective on the evidence for keratin protein preservation in fossils: An issue of replication versus validation

Saitta

Vinther

2019

Palaeontol Electron

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The preservation potential of biomolecules within vertebrate integument through deep time has recently been subject to much research and controversy. In particular, the preservation potential of proteins, such as collagen and keratin, is currently debated. Here, we examine claims from a recent study (Schweitzer et al., 2018, PLoS One), which concludes that feather keratin has a high preservation potential. We argue that this work provides insufficient evidence for protein preservation due to issues of methodology and data interpretation. Additionally, we contrast their approach and claims to those of other recently published studies in relation to the question of keratin protein preservation in fossils. We worry that most of the perceived evidence for Mesozoic polypeptide survival stems from repeated replication of methods prone to false detection, rather than triangulation by validating these claims with alternative methods that provide independent lines of evidence. When alternative explanations exist for the evidence cited as support for dinosaur proteins far exceeding their predicted preservation limits, it is most parsimonious to reject the more extreme taphonomic hypotheses. The evidence is instead more consistent with a mode of preservation in which keratinous structures do not fossilize organically as polypeptides, but rather as largely pigment and/or calcium phosphate remnants, which were originally held within the keratin matrix that is now lost. Unsupported taphonomic models (e.g., keratin polypeptide preservation) have the potential to influence our interpretation of fossil data, potentially resulting in erroneous paleobiological or evolutionary conclusions, as illustrated in another recent paper (Pan et al., 2019, PNAS) that we also discuss.

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Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 65%

A perspective on the evidence for keratin protein preservation in fossils: An issue of replication versus validation

Saitta

Vinther

2019

Palaeontol Electron

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“…In the same article, the team reported that they were able to replicate the results and isolate osteocytes and pliable blood vessels from bones of two more tyrannosaurid specimens and a hadrosaurid dinosaur (Schweitzer et al, 2005). Since then, osteocytes and pliable (after demineralization) soft tissues have been found in bone from several other Cretaceous dinosaur specimens (Schweitzer et al, 2007(Schweitzer et al, , 2009Armitage & Anderson, 2013;Ullman et al, 2019;Boatman et al, 2020), in addition to bone from the Cretaceous mosasaur Prognathodon (Lindgren et al, 2011), the Triassic marine reptiles Nothosaurus and Protanystropheus (Surmik et al, 2016), and a few bones from the Permian Period of the Paleozoic Era (Kisleva et al, 2019).…”

Section: Examples From Mesozoic Fossilsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Preservation of Soft Tissues in Dinosaur Fossils

Senter¹

2021

The American Biology Teacher

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The recent discovery of preserved cells and soft tissues in certain dinosaur bones seems incompatible with an age of millions of years, given the expectation that cells and soft tissues should have decayed away after millions of years. However, evidence from radiometric dating shows that dinosaur fossils are indeed millions of years old. Under certain circumstances, cells and soft tissues in bone are protected from complete disintegration. Formation of a mineral concretion around a bone protects biomolecules inside it from hydrolysis by groundwater. Infusion and coating with iron and iron compounds at a critical point in the decay process protects cells within a bone from autolysis. Cross-linking and association with bone mineral surfaces furnish added protection to collagen fibers in a bone. These protective factors can result in soft-tissue preservation that lasts millions of years. It would benefit educators to be aware of these phenomena, in order to better advise students whose acceptance of biological evolution has been challenged by young-Earth creationist arguments that are based on soft tissues in dinosaur fossils.

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“…The contents of trace elements in bulk samples and Al2SiO5 concentrates from andalusite and kyanite metapelites were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) on a NexION 300S (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) quadru mass-spectrometer after microwave-assisted digestion using Speedwave MW (Berghof, Eningen, Germany) in the Geoanalitik shared research facilities of the IGG katerinburg, Russia). Preparation of analytical samples and analytical procedures lowed the standard protocols described in [35]. Major elements in bulk rock samples, Al 2 SiO 5 concentrates, and dressing products of andalusite and kyanite metapelites were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) on a ThermoJarrell IRIS Advantage atomic emission spectrometer (Atkinson, WI, USA) at IGM (Novosibirsk, Russia).…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contents of trace elements in bulk samples and Al 2 SiO 5 concentrates from the andalusite and kyanite metapelites were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on a NexION 300S (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) quadrupole mass-spectrometer after microwave-assisted digestion using Speedwave MWS 3+ (Berghof, Eningen, Germany) in the Geoanalitik shared research facilities of the IGG (Yekaterinburg, Russia). Preparation of analytical samples and analytical procedures followed the standard protocols described in [35].…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alumina Hosts in Fe- and Al-Rich Metapelites from Transangaria (Yenisey Ridge, East Siberia): Distribution, Composition, and Mining Potential

Sokol,

Kokh,

Nekipelova

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Fe- and Al-rich metapelite from the Transangarian segment of the Yenisey Ridge (East Siberia, Russia) is a potential new source of high-alumina refractories. The rocks have relatively high average contents of Al2O3 (20 wt%) and Fe2O3 (7.91 wt%), moderate K2O (3.44 wt%), and low CaO (0.74 wt%). Their dominant mineral assemblages are andalusite + muscovite + margarite + chlorite + biotite + quartz or staurolite + kyanite or/and andalusite + chlorite + muscovite + biotite + quartz with ±garnet and ±plagioclase. Al2SiO5 polymorphs occur as up to 1.5 cm andalusite porphyroblasts and partial or complete pseudomorphs after andalusite (kyanite and staurolite). Accessories include abundant Fe–Ti oxides and sporadic REE-, Y-, Ca-phosphates; sulfides are negligible. The composition of Al2SiO5 concentrates obtained in laboratory by heavy-media and magnetic separation from ≥0.06 mm fractions meet all requirements for raw material of this type: >56 wt% Al2O3, <42 wt% SiO2, <1 wt% Fe2O3, <1.2 wt% TiO2, and <0.2 wt% (CaO + MgO). The andalusite, kyanite, and mixed ores yield 0.7–4.1 wt%, 0.7–2.2 wt%, and 1.9–6.0 wt% of concentrate, respectively. The best-quality ores rich in Al2SiO5 polymorphs reside in zones of contact and/or dynamic metamorphism superimposed over regional metamorphism of Al-rich rocks.

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Composition and structural features of two Permian parareptile (Deltavjatia vjatkensis, Kotelnich Site, Russia) bone fragments and their alteration during fossilisation

Cited by 12 publications

References 79 publications

A perspective on the evidence for keratin protein preservation in fossils: An issue of replication versus validation

A perspective on the evidence for keratin protein preservation in fossils: An issue of replication versus validation

Preservation of Soft Tissues in Dinosaur Fossils

Alumina Hosts in Fe- and Al-Rich Metapelites from Transangaria (Yenisey Ridge, East Siberia): Distribution, Composition, and Mining Potential

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